On the domestic shale gas well fracturing technology recommendations
Country due to differences in depositional environment and conditions, the basin and regional heterogeneity of
shale gas is very strong, so the basin and regional shale gas fracturing technologies for adaptation, will be a long process of research and exploration .
1 complex mechanism of crack formation: ① lithology, physical properties, mechanical properties of natural fractures conditions; ② the maximum and minimum principal stress difference; ③ shear crack formation mechanism.
2 volume fracturing technology aspects: ① volume fracturing reservoir simulation studies; ②
Hydraulic fracturing spacing and flow capacity optimization; ③ volume fracturing implementation and control technology research, including synchronous fracturing technology.
3 volume fracturing suitable materials research.
4 first test vertical wells, successfully tested in vertical wells to horizontal wells to obtain experience and then expand.
5 crack monitoring technologies to vigorously develop downhole microseismic monitoring techniques to evaluate shale gas fracturing complex crack propagation situation and advise on-site fracturing design and evaluation of results.
fracturing fluid
2013年7月31日星期三
New shale gas well fracturing technology and its application
shale gas because of its low permeability reservoirs, gas occurrence diverse characteristics, determined using conventional fracturing the formation of a single fracture stimulations shale gas technology has been unable to meet the transformation, we must explore and study new fracturing modification techniques in order to enable them to make effective economic development.
First, the basic characteristics of shale gas
Shale gas mining depth generally less than 3000m, its typical characteristics of the reservoir as follows: ① quartz content greater than 28%, typically 40% to 50%, the damage will produce complex seam network; ② dense shale gas reservoirs, pore degree was 4.22% ~ 6.51%, matrix permeability in 1.0mD the following; ③ micro-fractured shale, shale gas development in the fracture network system is not the case, it is difficult to become effective reservoir; ④ shale gas abundance of organic matter , thickness, organic carbon content is generally greater than 2%, maturity of 1.4% to 3.0%, to I ~ Ⅱ kerogen type-based, effective thickness is generally 15 ~ 91m; ⑤ shale brittleness coefficient, easy to form shear cracks, such as Young's modulus of the Barnett Shale 34000 ~ 44000mPa, Poisson's ratio of 0.2 ~ 0.3; ⑥ shale gas are adsorbed and dissolved state and the free state three kinds of occurrence, its occurrence requires a large transformation of volume, this will obtain high yield.
Second, the volume of shale gas well fracturing technology
Volume fracturing refers to Hydraulic fracturing process, so that the continuous expansion of natural fractures and brittle rock slip shearing, forming a natural and artificial crack crack crack intertwined network, thereby increasing the reconstruction volume, improve initial production and ultimate recovery rate.
Shale gas reservoir permeability low, thick, natural fractures, mainly in the adsorbed gas adsorbed on the surface of organic matter, the conventional transformation form a single crack is difficult to obtain a good yield. Numerical simulation shows that the volume of shale gas reservoir reconstruction greater yield after pressure better. But to achieve volume reconstruction, in addition to the volume fracturing the formation to have the basic conditions, the fracturing process method is also very crucial.
1 large vertical wells slick water fracturing technology
(1) Fracturing Process
Fracturing the concept of "two, two small" feature, "two" means: ① large displacement, displacement 10m3/min construction above; ② large amount of fluid with a single well fluid volume 2271 ~ 5678m3. "Two small" means: ① a small particle diameter proppant Proppant generally of 70/100 mesh and 40/70 mesh ceramic; ② lower than sand, sand-liquid ratio of the average 3% to 5%, the highest sand liquid ratio not more than 10.0%.
(2) fracturing fluid system
Fracturing fluid system in slippery water-based, slippery water anionic polymers can be used, you can also use low concentrations of guar gum.
2 horizontal well fracturing technology clustering segmentation perforating
(A) clustering perforating technology
In order to form a mesh fracturing cracks, improve reconstruction volume, the use of clustering perforating technology, every 4 to 6 fractions perforation clusters, each cluster length 0.46 ~ 0.77m, cluster spacing 20 ~ 30m, phase angle of 60 ° or 180 ° , the hole density 16 ~ 20 holes / m, diameter 13mm.
(2) Construction steps staged fracturing technology
Construction steps as follows: ① the first paragraph using tubing or coiled tubing conveyed perforating, perforating gun made; ② conducted from the first paragraph of the annulus fracturing; ③ gel wash wellbore; ④ liquid pumped cable + guns + bridge plug tools into the well; ⑤ electrically detonated seat seal bridge plugs, perforating gun and the bridge plug separation, pressure test (approximately over perforations 25m); ⑥ drag cable with perforating gun to perforation, perforation, drag cable; ⑦ fracturing the second layer, repeat steps ④ ~ ⑦, to achieve multi-staged fracturing.
(3) bridge plug after pressure treatment
After pressure with coiled tubing milling or φ73mm + φ101.6mm diamond blade knife out of 5 bridge plug, drain seeking bonding layer production.
3 shale gas volume effect of reconstruction
Using the above method, micro seismic waves through the underground tests confirmed slippery shale gas water mass fracturing vertical wells and horizontal wells perforating clustering segmentation cracks fracturing the formation of networks and improve the fracture volume.
First, the basic characteristics of shale gas
Shale gas mining depth generally less than 3000m, its typical characteristics of the reservoir as follows: ① quartz content greater than 28%, typically 40% to 50%, the damage will produce complex seam network; ② dense shale gas reservoirs, pore degree was 4.22% ~ 6.51%, matrix permeability in 1.0mD the following; ③ micro-fractured shale, shale gas development in the fracture network system is not the case, it is difficult to become effective reservoir; ④ shale gas abundance of organic matter , thickness, organic carbon content is generally greater than 2%, maturity of 1.4% to 3.0%, to I ~ Ⅱ kerogen type-based, effective thickness is generally 15 ~ 91m; ⑤ shale brittleness coefficient, easy to form shear cracks, such as Young's modulus of the Barnett Shale 34000 ~ 44000mPa, Poisson's ratio of 0.2 ~ 0.3; ⑥ shale gas are adsorbed and dissolved state and the free state three kinds of occurrence, its occurrence requires a large transformation of volume, this will obtain high yield.
Second, the volume of shale gas well fracturing technology
Volume fracturing refers to Hydraulic fracturing process, so that the continuous expansion of natural fractures and brittle rock slip shearing, forming a natural and artificial crack crack crack intertwined network, thereby increasing the reconstruction volume, improve initial production and ultimate recovery rate.
Shale gas reservoir permeability low, thick, natural fractures, mainly in the adsorbed gas adsorbed on the surface of organic matter, the conventional transformation form a single crack is difficult to obtain a good yield. Numerical simulation shows that the volume of shale gas reservoir reconstruction greater yield after pressure better. But to achieve volume reconstruction, in addition to the volume fracturing the formation to have the basic conditions, the fracturing process method is also very crucial.
1 large vertical wells slick water fracturing technology
(1) Fracturing Process
Fracturing the concept of "two, two small" feature, "two" means: ① large displacement, displacement 10m3/min construction above; ② large amount of fluid with a single well fluid volume 2271 ~ 5678m3. "Two small" means: ① a small particle diameter proppant Proppant generally of 70/100 mesh and 40/70 mesh ceramic; ② lower than sand, sand-liquid ratio of the average 3% to 5%, the highest sand liquid ratio not more than 10.0%.
(2) fracturing fluid system
Fracturing fluid system in slippery water-based, slippery water anionic polymers can be used, you can also use low concentrations of guar gum.
2 horizontal well fracturing technology clustering segmentation perforating
(A) clustering perforating technology
In order to form a mesh fracturing cracks, improve reconstruction volume, the use of clustering perforating technology, every 4 to 6 fractions perforation clusters, each cluster length 0.46 ~ 0.77m, cluster spacing 20 ~ 30m, phase angle of 60 ° or 180 ° , the hole density 16 ~ 20 holes / m, diameter 13mm.
(2) Construction steps staged fracturing technology
Construction steps as follows: ① the first paragraph using tubing or coiled tubing conveyed perforating, perforating gun made; ② conducted from the first paragraph of the annulus fracturing; ③ gel wash wellbore; ④ liquid pumped cable + guns + bridge plug tools into the well; ⑤ electrically detonated seat seal bridge plugs, perforating gun and the bridge plug separation, pressure test (approximately over perforations 25m); ⑥ drag cable with perforating gun to perforation, perforation, drag cable; ⑦ fracturing the second layer, repeat steps ④ ~ ⑦, to achieve multi-staged fracturing.
(3) bridge plug after pressure treatment
After pressure with coiled tubing milling or φ73mm + φ101.6mm diamond blade knife out of 5 bridge plug, drain seeking bonding layer production.
3 shale gas volume effect of reconstruction
Using the above method, micro seismic waves through the underground tests confirmed slippery shale gas water mass fracturing vertical wells and horizontal wells perforating clustering segmentation cracks fracturing the formation of networks and improve the fracture volume.
Slippery shale gas wells in deep water fracturing technology
Slick water fracturing fluid is a water-based fracturing fluid consists of water, sand, drag reducing agents and other chemical additives, which applies to shale gas,
shale gas itself because of the low porosity allows fracturing fluid from the fracture into the deeper nature of the cracks. It can be pumped at a higher rate into the formation (up 100bbl/min), especially suitable for high pressure deeper formations.
Recently, the China Petrochemical Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute of China Petrochemical first self-designed deep shale gas wells slippery mouth water fracturing great success. Through the different characteristics of the reservoir brittle, brittle shale has formed a high-emission, high liquid volume, high sand content, low viscosity, low-sand ratio of the "three high and two low" slug-style large-scale fracturing sand slippery water optimization design technology and high viscosity plastic shale, high sand ratio, low-emission "two high and one low" continuous sand slippery water complex fracturing technology. Theory and technological progress gradually unconventional gas exploration and development leadership and recognition of scientific and technical personnel, and in the safety of deep one, built 111 applications and a number of shale oil and gas wells, to good effect.
Recently, the China Petrochemical Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute of China Petrochemical first self-designed deep shale gas wells slippery mouth water fracturing great success. Through the different characteristics of the reservoir brittle, brittle shale has formed a high-emission, high liquid volume, high sand content, low viscosity, low-sand ratio of the "three high and two low" slug-style large-scale fracturing sand slippery water optimization design technology and high viscosity plastic shale, high sand ratio, low-emission "two high and one low" continuous sand slippery water complex fracturing technology. Theory and technological progress gradually unconventional gas exploration and development leadership and recognition of scientific and technical personnel, and in the safety of deep one, built 111 applications and a number of shale oil and gas wells, to good effect.
European deadlocked debate around hydraulic fracturing
United States, "Christian Science Monitor" reported on July 24, two years ago due to impressive natural gas reserves and intends to promote the European shale gas revolution in Poland near-term prospects Mengyin, however, with the European debate surrounding
Hydraulic fracturing technology into deadlock, while Poland's shale gas estimated to decline, including Exxon Mobil, including the three major international energy giant has recently announced its withdrawal.
It is reported that two years ago, the European continent is widely regarded as shale gas to help them deal with the debt crisis, austerity and reduce unemployment out a valuable opportunity to replicate the success of the United States. However, to take advantage of these reserves, the need for the government and the public support of hydraulic fracturing technology, this problem has triggered a huge divergence in Europe.
Reported that Poland and the United Kingdom to support this, but Germany and France but opposed. Recently, the German beer producers are organizing a united front against hydraulic fracturing, and said that the fracturing process can contaminate groundwater; while France is since 2011 a total ban on hydraulic fracturing. French President Hollande also stressed: "As long as I'm still the president, the French would be no shale gas exploration."
Despite the small number of people are opposed to hydraulic fracturing, Poland shale gas exploration is still held generally supportive attitude. Polish long-term dependence on Russian energy supplies, for which the economic costs to pay expensive, but through the Polish shale gas will help improve their energy independence.
However, with the emergence of obstacles, Poland enthusiasm began to weaken from 2011. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) initially said Poland has 5.3 trillion cubic meters of natural gas, according to a new assessment in June this year, the Polish natural gas reserves are estimated to reduce by 20%, but the attitude of the Government of Poland said that will not change.
Reported that, unlike the United States, in Europe, mineral exploration is not an individual right, but an act of state, so the associated procedures will be much more complex. Meanwhile, as the world's "green leader" in Europe tend to exploit new energy technologies to get rid of its own energy dilemma, for a potential environmental threat of pollution exploration behaviors tend to take a more cautious approach.
It is reported that two years ago, the European continent is widely regarded as shale gas to help them deal with the debt crisis, austerity and reduce unemployment out a valuable opportunity to replicate the success of the United States. However, to take advantage of these reserves, the need for the government and the public support of hydraulic fracturing technology, this problem has triggered a huge divergence in Europe.
Reported that Poland and the United Kingdom to support this, but Germany and France but opposed. Recently, the German beer producers are organizing a united front against hydraulic fracturing, and said that the fracturing process can contaminate groundwater; while France is since 2011 a total ban on hydraulic fracturing. French President Hollande also stressed: "As long as I'm still the president, the French would be no shale gas exploration."
Despite the small number of people are opposed to hydraulic fracturing, Poland shale gas exploration is still held generally supportive attitude. Polish long-term dependence on Russian energy supplies, for which the economic costs to pay expensive, but through the Polish shale gas will help improve their energy independence.
However, with the emergence of obstacles, Poland enthusiasm began to weaken from 2011. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) initially said Poland has 5.3 trillion cubic meters of natural gas, according to a new assessment in June this year, the Polish natural gas reserves are estimated to reduce by 20%, but the attitude of the Government of Poland said that will not change.
Reported that, unlike the United States, in Europe, mineral exploration is not an individual right, but an act of state, so the associated procedures will be much more complex. Meanwhile, as the world's "green leader" in Europe tend to exploit new energy technologies to get rid of its own energy dilemma, for a potential environmental threat of pollution exploration behaviors tend to take a more cautious approach.
Shale gas could reshape the international energy landscape?
Shale gas development in the environmental impact can not be ignored. Experience from abroad, the environmental impact of
shale gas development mainly includes intensive water resources, water pollution, air pollution and ecological damage the surface.
Indeed, shale gas development in the environmental impact can not be ignored. Experience from abroad, the environmental impact of shale gas development mainly includes intensive water resources, water pollution, air pollution and ecological damage the surface.
Shale gas, hydro-fracturing method of fracturing fluid mainly by high-pressure water, frac sand and chemical additives. Drilling of shale gas on the one hand will consume a lot of surface water or groundwater, on the other hand in the hydraulic fracturing process, the chemicals may rise through the cracks from deep underground to the surface or shallow, it may be due to pipeline quality gas shale gas mining or improper operation caused by the leakage of chemical additives, which pollute rivers, lakes and groundwater. Cornell University researchers in the "Climate Science" magazine wrote that "shale gas production process, most of the resulting methane emissions into the atmosphere, rather than capture as fuel." In this regard, the United States Environmental Protection Agency in a report also acknowledged that "seriously underestimated the shale gas development in methane emissions."
In addition, the use of Hydraulic fracturing of shale gas exploration, real estate stress may cause instability, giving rise to a series of minor earthquakes. France and the Bulgarian Government has released a ban on shale gas exploration using hydraulic fracturing method, which is tantamount to denying the current technical conditions of shale gas exploitation.
Indeed, shale gas development in the environmental impact can not be ignored. Experience from abroad, the environmental impact of shale gas development mainly includes intensive water resources, water pollution, air pollution and ecological damage the surface.
Shale gas, hydro-fracturing method of fracturing fluid mainly by high-pressure water, frac sand and chemical additives. Drilling of shale gas on the one hand will consume a lot of surface water or groundwater, on the other hand in the hydraulic fracturing process, the chemicals may rise through the cracks from deep underground to the surface or shallow, it may be due to pipeline quality gas shale gas mining or improper operation caused by the leakage of chemical additives, which pollute rivers, lakes and groundwater. Cornell University researchers in the "Climate Science" magazine wrote that "shale gas production process, most of the resulting methane emissions into the atmosphere, rather than capture as fuel." In this regard, the United States Environmental Protection Agency in a report also acknowledged that "seriously underestimated the shale gas development in methane emissions."
In addition, the use of Hydraulic fracturing of shale gas exploration, real estate stress may cause instability, giving rise to a series of minor earthquakes. France and the Bulgarian Government has released a ban on shale gas exploration using hydraulic fracturing method, which is tantamount to denying the current technical conditions of shale gas exploitation.
2013年7月30日星期二
England ready to replicate U.S. shale gas tax cuts energy revolution
British Finance Minister Oscar Friday will likely
shale gas industry commitment to the implementation of the world's most favorable tax rates, the United Kingdom would like to take in order to promote the country's energy revolution.
According to the FT reported that British ministers will prepare shale energy tax rate to 30%, while other countries generally oil and gas tax rate is generally 62%.
Meanwhile, the UK Treasury will require energy companies at least every mouth drilled wells at least £ 100,000 contribution to social welfare.
The UK government is trying to replicate a U.S. shale oil revolution, Hydraulic fracturing and other new technologies allow the United States produced a large number of oil and gas, thus lowering the energy price American families and businesses.
British Prime Minister David Cameron recently stated publicly, "jealousy" America's energy industries.
But environmental groups worry shale gas may cause pollution, fracking could contaminate groundwater sources, and the release of greenhouse gases methane.
British Geological Survey Association, the latest report that the northern England area shale gas reserves than originally estimated reserves of more than twice the national UK.
British Energy Minister MichaelFallon Thursday the British Parliament said that Britain is now equivalent to the current yields also need 3/4 of oil and natural gas.
"Energy is a key component of our economic protection money, the next few decades has been the case, even if we will enter a low-carbon economy."
But shadow energy minister TomGreatrex but finds no evidence of shale gas in the UK energy prices could cause the same effect.
He expressed cautious support for shale gas also pointed out: "Based on Gas transactions, assuming natural gas prices will be cheaper to imitate the practice of the United States can not withstand scrutiny."
According to the FT reported that British ministers will prepare shale energy tax rate to 30%, while other countries generally oil and gas tax rate is generally 62%.
Meanwhile, the UK Treasury will require energy companies at least every mouth drilled wells at least £ 100,000 contribution to social welfare.
The UK government is trying to replicate a U.S. shale oil revolution, Hydraulic fracturing and other new technologies allow the United States produced a large number of oil and gas, thus lowering the energy price American families and businesses.
British Prime Minister David Cameron recently stated publicly, "jealousy" America's energy industries.
But environmental groups worry shale gas may cause pollution, fracking could contaminate groundwater sources, and the release of greenhouse gases methane.
British Geological Survey Association, the latest report that the northern England area shale gas reserves than originally estimated reserves of more than twice the national UK.
British Energy Minister MichaelFallon Thursday the British Parliament said that Britain is now equivalent to the current yields also need 3/4 of oil and natural gas.
"Energy is a key component of our economic protection money, the next few decades has been the case, even if we will enter a low-carbon economy."
But shadow energy minister TomGreatrex but finds no evidence of shale gas in the UK energy prices could cause the same effect.
He expressed cautious support for shale gas also pointed out: "Based on Gas transactions, assuming natural gas prices will be cheaper to imitate the practice of the United States can not withstand scrutiny."
Shale gas development go its own way
On the one hand, in terms of huge reserves of
shale gas resources, on the other hand there are still difficulties in the development and use, conditions are not yet ripe. At this stage, the state should not blindly just because the need for resources to engage in planning, investment gold, on the project, scheduled production, especially the introduction of capital should not be premature. Capital seeks profit, they calculated that the interest of the Group, now cares about is profit maximization, it will only look at the current production and mining costs, not pipe caused much damage to the environment, does not care how many years harming , not to manage recovery, does not care about one cubic meters of shale gas exploitation ruined many resources simultaneously. Only relevant technologies developed to the extent appropriate, the relevant policies and regulations have been improved and implemented in place, the entry of capital in order to play the role of efficiency. Otherwise, the interests of capital and the country's interests are antagonistic. Truly scientific approach is moving steadily, on the one hand improve the exploration work, on the other scientific and technical research. Complete exploration work, nor the only for shale gas, including shale gas should target, tight sandstone gas, coal bed methane and gas hydrates and other resources, including the entire unconventional reservoirs. Our only true and reliable way to find out the reserves of
unconventional gas reservoirs, burial depth, sedimentary facies and other key information, it may be appropriate to establish China's unconventional reservoir development strategy, so that the limited resources can be maximized development and utilization. The long run, but should focus on shale gas development of new technologies, such as supercritical carbon dioxide development technologies. Compared with hydraulic fracturing technology, supercritical carbon dioxide development technology has several advantages. The first is that we can significantly reduce water usage. With this technology, even in water scarce Northwest, North China, the same can successfully develop shale gas. In the Yangtze River and the southeast coast, the southwest region, the development of shale gas can also be solved with water conflicts between agricultural production. Followed by oil and gas layer can be fully protected. When opening the reservoir on the use of supercritical carbon dioxide for protection, can completely solve the current destruction of shale gas development in the first and then restore the adverse situation, significantly increase recovery. Finally environmentally friendly. Industrial emissions of carbon dioxide itself is both a greenhouse gas, in the past usually emitted directly into the atmosphere, now the world on issues of environmental protection and increasing emphasis on carbon emissions, straight row sooner or later want to change this practice. It is said that some businesses are ready to be buried into the ground up.
Shale gas exploitation bottleneck
shale gas and tight gas, coalbed methane, gas hydrates, like, are considered unconventional reservoirs. Although its main components with the same gas are methane (CH4), but the difference in the specific mining process considerably. Shale shale gas exists in the gap to adsorb gas, or water-soluble form of gas. Its penetration is very low, you must find a way to open the gap to be sealed are extracted. This resource has been discovered about 200 years, the reason to have only recently started to develop, precisely because of the technical difficulty of shale gas is quite big. Therefore, it has been described as the development of shale gas, "virgin bleeding from a stone." U.S. shale gas success, largely due to hydraulic fracturing technology matures.
Hydraulic fracturing technology development of shale gas, of course, need water, but plenty of water. Add drugs in the water due to the need to avoid drugs with other substances in water loss from the chemical reaction effect on the water quality requirements are quite high. It is said that it was even higher than that of pure drinking water. In the current technical conditions, water scarcity, no matter how many areas of shale gas resources, and its significance is also equivalent tasteless but wasteful to discard the chicken. And we all know, China is the relative scarcity of water resources in the country. Also, add in hydraulic fracturing fluid medication, many of which are harmful to the environment. For example, to increase the viscosity of the fracturing fluid added guar gum, to prevent swelling of clay in the reservoir and added to the potassium salt. These drugs into the underground, the short term may have little effect, but after long-term penetration, diffusion, is likely to contaminate groundwater. This contamination so far basically ungovernable. Meanwhile, the main component of shale gas methane easily spread, volatile, has been able to survive, simply because the shale seal. To exploit shale gas shale must first destroy the seal, seal after the destruction of methane will rapidly dissipated. The current mining methods can only be used before destruction, and then try to recover. Even with low damage fracturing fluid and other advanced technologies, most can only be restored to the original level of 10% to 20%. This characteristic causes shale oil recovery is quite low. Conventional gas recovery can reach about 60%, while the recovery of shale gas is only about 5% to 6%. If you follow the recovery calculation, tens of trillions of cubic meters of recoverable shale gas resources developed, perhaps the only hand could get only a few one trillion cubic meters only.
China Hebei increase investment in U.S. shale gas
"Reuters" quoted a U.S. official said, China yesterday (the 10th), said during the talks between the two countries expect to increase investment in the U.S. shale gas , natural gas, also known as China has invested approximately U.S. $ 5.5 billion, and welcomed the United States to increase investment China's energy industry. With hydraulic fracturing and other drilling methods to increase the use of the recent "Reuters" quoted a U.S. official said, China yesterday (the 10th), said during the talks between the two countries expect to increase investment in the U.S. shale gas, also known as China has U.S. natural gas investment of about $ 5.5 billion, and welcomed the United States to increase investment in China's energy industry.
With Hydraulic fracturing and other drilling methods to increase the use of the United States and Canada in recent years shale field production rise. Chinese companies eager to get information about technologies.
China has the world's largest shale reserves, is also the world's largest energy consumer, is looking for overseas oil and gas supplies to meet its energy needs.
Shale gas exploitation requires precision seismic exploration technology
Barnett (Barnett) and Eagle Gefu Te (Eagle Ford) have significant storage brittle characteristics, which makes them easy to fracturing. Needless to say,
Unconventional gas industry focused on the potential increase in penetration forecast area, which is due to the natural breakdown occurs, possibly followed by an increase due to hydraulic fracturing.
The current approach is to use horizontal wells and hydraulic fracturing technology, identify these "sweet spot" and optimize production. Sometimes conventional seismic rock properties is generally used to determine the maximum stress predicted the trend, and then determine to promote Hydraulic fracturing well trajectory. Some companies are also micro-borehole seismic data acquisition, to facilitate a more direct measurement of the anisotropy of rock properties, while other companies focus on existing wells drilled between the fragility of the region. For example, in the Barnett Shale, the workflow technology has played an important role, according to the report shows that 80% of the production comes from drilling, 30% from completion.
Compared with conventional oil and gas resources, unconventional resources from the traditional point of view, be regarded as non-profit, because they require some form of artificial stimulation (such as hydraulic fracturing) or lifting (steam sensing) to substantially increase oil and gas production. But with rising energy prices and advanced technology, these unconventional resources has now become very economical.
Unconventional resources exploration activities in the United States Barnett (Barnett) Shale, Eagle Gefu Te (Eagle Ford) shale and Bakken shale most successful. It is estimated that these areas also contains a huge oil reserves, could be as high 30Bbbl. These predictions have not only attracted the attention of the U.S. energy company, has also attracted the attention of international and multinational companies.
The current approach is to use horizontal wells and hydraulic fracturing technology, identify these "sweet spot" and optimize production. Sometimes conventional seismic rock properties is generally used to determine the maximum stress predicted the trend, and then determine to promote Hydraulic fracturing well trajectory. Some companies are also micro-borehole seismic data acquisition, to facilitate a more direct measurement of the anisotropy of rock properties, while other companies focus on existing wells drilled between the fragility of the region. For example, in the Barnett Shale, the workflow technology has played an important role, according to the report shows that 80% of the production comes from drilling, 30% from completion.
Compared with conventional oil and gas resources, unconventional resources from the traditional point of view, be regarded as non-profit, because they require some form of artificial stimulation (such as hydraulic fracturing) or lifting (steam sensing) to substantially increase oil and gas production. But with rising energy prices and advanced technology, these unconventional resources has now become very economical.
Unconventional resources exploration activities in the United States Barnett (Barnett) Shale, Eagle Gefu Te (Eagle Ford) shale and Bakken shale most successful. It is estimated that these areas also contains a huge oil reserves, could be as high 30Bbbl. These predictions have not only attracted the attention of the U.S. energy company, has also attracted the attention of international and multinational companies.
2013年7月29日星期一
Made of ceramic sand is how
Made of ceramic sand is how
Ceramic proppant is how you know you made Here Xiaobian to introduce you made ceramic sand.
Ceramic sand, is generally used to replace concrete, gravel and pebbles, is the use of various types of clay, slate, shale, coal gangue, and industrial solid waste and other raw materials, through the ceramic sintering.
Ceramic sand has low density, thermal insulation, impermeability, excellent, excellent alkali aggregate reaction, low water absorption, frost resistance and good durability, and many other advantages. Ceramic sand, by definition, is the ceramic particles Finer called sand, also known as oil fracturing proppant Exterior features, ceramic sand most were round or oval-shaped ball, but there are some imitation stone ceramic ball is not round or oval, and irregularly shaped gravel. Color due to the appearance of ceramic raw materials and processes used in different different. Firing ceramic colors are mostly dark red, red ocher, there are some special varieties as a pale yellow, gray and black ceramic Proppant sand, gray, gray and so on.
Ceramic proppant is how you know you made Here Xiaobian to introduce you made ceramic sand.
Ceramic sand, is generally used to replace concrete, gravel and pebbles, is the use of various types of clay, slate, shale, coal gangue, and industrial solid waste and other raw materials, through the ceramic sintering.
Ceramic sand has low density, thermal insulation, impermeability, excellent, excellent alkali aggregate reaction, low water absorption, frost resistance and good durability, and many other advantages. Ceramic sand, by definition, is the ceramic particles Finer called sand, also known as oil fracturing proppant Exterior features, ceramic sand most were round or oval-shaped ball, but there are some imitation stone ceramic ball is not round or oval, and irregularly shaped gravel. Color due to the appearance of ceramic raw materials and processes used in different different. Firing ceramic colors are mostly dark red, red ocher, there are some special varieties as a pale yellow, gray and black ceramic Proppant sand, gray, gray and so on.
Oil Industry Import and Export Analysis proppant
According to Chinese customs statistics, from 2005 to 2007 China's oil frac proppant (ceramic sand) the volume of exports continued to grow in recent years, the export situation is positive and rapid product development is our ceramic proppant main reason for the rapid growth of exports . Second half of 2008, the international economic downturn, many export-oriented enterprises have ceramic proppant production to domestic sales, in 2008 exports of ceramic proppant was only 32,900 tons, down 9.4% ; exports 6.315 million U.S. dollars, down 15.6 percent. Into 2009, with the financial policies around the world to further support the global economy pick up signs, coupled with China's domestic capital policies favorable factors brought about the root, in 2009 China's exports of ceramic proppant volumes have rebounded.
Japan, Russia and Southeast Asia is our ceramic proppant exports of major countries and regions, because our country occupies the absolute cost advantages, so the products are currently exported to many countries and regions, the current view of the market share of products , the overseas market is still much to do.
Look at China's imports, because of China ceramic proppant in both low-intensity products, and high-strength products in the past for a long period of time mainly relied on imports products. As China's high-strength ceramic proppant production technology successfully developed and industrialized application, breaking the monopoly of foreign products in this category, China's oil proppant ( Ceramic proppant ) product imports began to fall, but also by 2008 slowdown in domestic economic growth, domestic demand is relatively relaxed than in previous years, this is 2008, China's imports of ceramic proppant decrease was primarily due. In 2008, China imported ceramic fracturing proppant volume 8765.2 tons, down 2.5 percent; imports amounted to $ 4,383,000, with the hoot down 10.8%. In 2009, China's economic embarrassment by the national policy of stimulating domestic demand eased, the market is increasingly active, the domestic demand for high-grade ceramic support products increased, in 2009 China's oil Proppant (ceramic sand) imports reached 9,273 tons, while imports amounts to nearly $ 4.65 million or so. Italy, Japan and the United States region is imported ceramic proppant major countries and regions.
Petroleum proppant (ceramic sand) system uses surface features
Petroleum proppant (ceramic sand) fracturing fluid system additives and surface features have the following purposes:
(L) fracturing fluid additives and fracturing fluid system development.
(2) obtained in the fracturing design requires the use of the simulator input parameters.
(3) in the pre-construction and construction stage fracturing ask qualitative vignette control.
In the oil Fracturing proppant (ceramic sand) additives and fracturing fluid system development process towel, fracturing fluid properties of surface features typically used to identify a new complex with respect to whether the existing system performance has improved, or whether it can offer a cheaper price for the same performance.
To surface features typical fracturing fluid performance parameters such as rheology, pipeline friction, fluid loss rate, fracture conductivity and formation damage, etc., can be used as fracturing design and production simulation.
To ensure the quality in use, in use, the properties of the surface characteristics of the fracturing fluid, typically including use of the ideal case, that the proppant ( ceramic proppant ) system to be used. Davidmn et al in 1994 and Ely in 1985 provides an example of these experiments. In chapter describes several by the American Petroleum Institute (APl) fracturing fluid system developed by the laboratory method performance surface characteristics. Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) monographs, the latest developments in hydraulic fracturing (Gidley et al, 1989) are also an excellent approach to the laboratory review.
This chapter also discusses the fracturing fluid additives and systems development and fracturing design and fracturing simulation obtained the required input parameters used in fracturing fluid properties of the surface characteristics of approach, target mainly concentrated in the most commonly used liquid, guar gum or guar gum as a thickener polymer modified water-based fracturing fluid system. Typically, the water-based fracturing fluid used methods can be applied to other improvements made the appropriate liquid, such as oil-based crosslinked liquid, emulsion and foam liquid.
In any case, the fracturing fluid system previously used in the field, you must first determine the description of fracturing fluid flow variability, liquid filtration, piping friction, fracture conductivity and possible formation damage and a series of parameters.
To determine the fracturing fluid system performance in a large number of experimental work carried out before the first experimental work required to get ready samples of various materials, including water, hydrocarbons and acids, it may be necessary to use a variety of materials mixed in a stirred together. All materials must be confirmed by the manufacturer, as well as to trace origin of Proppant in particular should pay special attention, because it is difficult to obtain a representative sample of each batch (on hydraulic fracturing sand used in the test sample tests recommended Method [RP 56], 1983). This difficulty is caused by transportation or during handling due to the different sizes of the sand will produce separation.
Moreover, in order to get samples of typical materials, before the test and during the test, the need for test equipment calibration and maintenance, in order to compare the various fracturing fluid system and avoid frequent repeated testing, in strict accordance with the test method is specified crucial. Contains a material sample and calibration data for a complete record of the comparison between the product or system is very important because the experimental data useful life of up to several years.
Proppant (ceramic sand), during use, through the force it is very complex, the need to adapt to a wide range of physical. Therefore, the performance characteristics of the surface process is usually divided into a series of small-scale experiments can simulate a broad and complex key part of the physical environment. Fracturing fluid properties of the surface characteristics of a wide range, from the molecular level to large-scale test equipment, it may be close to the actual liquid mixing, wellbore and fracture size.
Performance characteristics of the surface details of the method process may vary, depending on the composition of the liquid, for example: oil-based fluids, emulsions is compressible, or bubble size - Change foam fracturing fluid, which requires determined using the pressure range.
(L) fracturing fluid additives and fracturing fluid system development.
(2) obtained in the fracturing design requires the use of the simulator input parameters.
(3) in the pre-construction and construction stage fracturing ask qualitative vignette control.
In the oil Fracturing proppant (ceramic sand) additives and fracturing fluid system development process towel, fracturing fluid properties of surface features typically used to identify a new complex with respect to whether the existing system performance has improved, or whether it can offer a cheaper price for the same performance.
To surface features typical fracturing fluid performance parameters such as rheology, pipeline friction, fluid loss rate, fracture conductivity and formation damage, etc., can be used as fracturing design and production simulation.
To ensure the quality in use, in use, the properties of the surface characteristics of the fracturing fluid, typically including use of the ideal case, that the proppant ( ceramic proppant ) system to be used. Davidmn et al in 1994 and Ely in 1985 provides an example of these experiments. In chapter describes several by the American Petroleum Institute (APl) fracturing fluid system developed by the laboratory method performance surface characteristics. Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) monographs, the latest developments in hydraulic fracturing (Gidley et al, 1989) are also an excellent approach to the laboratory review.
This chapter also discusses the fracturing fluid additives and systems development and fracturing design and fracturing simulation obtained the required input parameters used in fracturing fluid properties of the surface characteristics of approach, target mainly concentrated in the most commonly used liquid, guar gum or guar gum as a thickener polymer modified water-based fracturing fluid system. Typically, the water-based fracturing fluid used methods can be applied to other improvements made the appropriate liquid, such as oil-based crosslinked liquid, emulsion and foam liquid.
In any case, the fracturing fluid system previously used in the field, you must first determine the description of fracturing fluid flow variability, liquid filtration, piping friction, fracture conductivity and possible formation damage and a series of parameters.
To determine the fracturing fluid system performance in a large number of experimental work carried out before the first experimental work required to get ready samples of various materials, including water, hydrocarbons and acids, it may be necessary to use a variety of materials mixed in a stirred together. All materials must be confirmed by the manufacturer, as well as to trace origin of Proppant in particular should pay special attention, because it is difficult to obtain a representative sample of each batch (on hydraulic fracturing sand used in the test sample tests recommended Method [RP 56], 1983). This difficulty is caused by transportation or during handling due to the different sizes of the sand will produce separation.
Moreover, in order to get samples of typical materials, before the test and during the test, the need for test equipment calibration and maintenance, in order to compare the various fracturing fluid system and avoid frequent repeated testing, in strict accordance with the test method is specified crucial. Contains a material sample and calibration data for a complete record of the comparison between the product or system is very important because the experimental data useful life of up to several years.
Proppant (ceramic sand), during use, through the force it is very complex, the need to adapt to a wide range of physical. Therefore, the performance characteristics of the surface process is usually divided into a series of small-scale experiments can simulate a broad and complex key part of the physical environment. Fracturing fluid properties of the surface characteristics of a wide range, from the molecular level to large-scale test equipment, it may be close to the actual liquid mixing, wellbore and fracture size.
Performance characteristics of the surface details of the method process may vary, depending on the composition of the liquid, for example: oil-based fluids, emulsions is compressible, or bubble size - Change foam fracturing fluid, which requires determined using the pressure range.
Ceramic in the economic development of the uncertainty analysis
Development of technical and economic evaluation of ceramic subject to uncertainties that could cause results of the evaluation of uncertainty. To reduce the risk of development decisions, uncertainty analysis must be carried out, so the uncertainty analysis is the development of
ceramic proppant technology is an integral part of the economic evaluation. Deposit exploration in the evaluation of effects of development financial evaluation of ceramic, ceramic developed on the basis of national economic evaluation.
Development of technical and economic evaluation of Ceramic proppant in a certain geological resources, mines carried out under production conditions. Technical and economic parameters used in the objective uncertainty for two reasons: First, deposit geology parameters, such as reserves, ore quality, mining conditions in the mining process occurs geological exploration report did not expect the change to make deposits in after the development of real investment results and evaluation findings there is a certain degree of disparity. Second, the economic parameters over time, production technology and social conditions change and change, so that mining companies operating results and financial evaluation concluded there is a certain degree of variation.
Technical and economic parameters of the existence of uncertainty, is bound to make technical and economic evaluation of the results are uncertain. If the uncertainty of the financial evaluation and economic evaluation to make decisions based on the findings, it is clear there will be - given risk. Therefore, the financial evaluation and economic evaluation, we need to analyze these uncertainties exist scope and circumstances, in order to understand the economic benefits for the development of shale degree of influence and the resulting level of risk in order to invest Decision to provide more comprehensive information to make sure you are in mining construction projects within the scope of permissible risk, make the investment to be successful.
Development of technical and economic evaluation of Ceramic proppant in a certain geological resources, mines carried out under production conditions. Technical and economic parameters used in the objective uncertainty for two reasons: First, deposit geology parameters, such as reserves, ore quality, mining conditions in the mining process occurs geological exploration report did not expect the change to make deposits in after the development of real investment results and evaluation findings there is a certain degree of disparity. Second, the economic parameters over time, production technology and social conditions change and change, so that mining companies operating results and financial evaluation concluded there is a certain degree of variation.
Technical and economic parameters of the existence of uncertainty, is bound to make technical and economic evaluation of the results are uncertain. If the uncertainty of the financial evaluation and economic evaluation to make decisions based on the findings, it is clear there will be - given risk. Therefore, the financial evaluation and economic evaluation, we need to analyze these uncertainties exist scope and circumstances, in order to understand the economic benefits for the development of shale degree of influence and the resulting level of risk in order to invest Decision to provide more comprehensive information to make sure you are in mining construction projects within the scope of permissible risk, make the investment to be successful.
Petroleum proppant equipment will be affected by the potential importance
Petroleum proppant equipment will be affected by the potential importance
Currently, deep low-permeability fracturing of oil on high-density high strength Ceramic proppant fracturing has a greater demand, and high-strength low-density proppant applications are also deep wells to improve oil production of important measures. From the standpoint of raw materials, the use of high-alumina content of industrial solid carved Waste preparing high performance oil fracturing ceramic proppant fracturing proppant oil represents the direction of development. Hydraulic fracturing technology has become the main measures to increase production of oil and gas wells. With the continuous development of hydraulic fracturing, the oil industry on the growing demand for proppants, performance requirements are also increasing.
China's oil Proppant (ceramic sand) the volume of exports continued to grow in recent years, the export situation is positive and rapid product development is our ceramic proppant main reason for rapid growth of exports. As the international economic downturn, many export-oriented enterprises have ceramic proppant production to domestic sales. 2009 world financial policies to further support the global economy pick up signs, coupled with China's domestic capital policies favorable factors brought about the root, in 2009 China's exports of ceramic proppant volumes have rebounded.
Since China ceramic proppant in both low-intensity products, and the high strength products in the past for a long period of time mainly relied on imports products. As China's high-strength ceramic proppant production technology successfully developed and industrialized application, breaking the monopoly of foreign products in this category, China's oil proppant (ceramic sand) product imports began to fall. China's economic embarrassment by the state policy of stimulating domestic demand eased, the market is increasingly active, the domestic demand for high-grade ceramic support products increased, in 2009 China's oil proppant (ceramic sand) imports reached 9,273 tons, while imports amount of reached nearly $ 4.65 million or so. Italy, Japan and the United States region is imported ceramic proppant major countries and regions.
In short, as the world's energy crisis intensifies, high performance oil fracturing proppant there will be a growing market and development potential. High-performance low-cost oil frac proppant research and development industry is bound to be people's attention and development.
Currently, deep low-permeability fracturing of oil on high-density high strength Ceramic proppant fracturing has a greater demand, and high-strength low-density proppant applications are also deep wells to improve oil production of important measures. From the standpoint of raw materials, the use of high-alumina content of industrial solid carved Waste preparing high performance oil fracturing ceramic proppant fracturing proppant oil represents the direction of development. Hydraulic fracturing technology has become the main measures to increase production of oil and gas wells. With the continuous development of hydraulic fracturing, the oil industry on the growing demand for proppants, performance requirements are also increasing.
China's oil Proppant (ceramic sand) the volume of exports continued to grow in recent years, the export situation is positive and rapid product development is our ceramic proppant main reason for rapid growth of exports. As the international economic downturn, many export-oriented enterprises have ceramic proppant production to domestic sales. 2009 world financial policies to further support the global economy pick up signs, coupled with China's domestic capital policies favorable factors brought about the root, in 2009 China's exports of ceramic proppant volumes have rebounded.
Since China ceramic proppant in both low-intensity products, and the high strength products in the past for a long period of time mainly relied on imports products. As China's high-strength ceramic proppant production technology successfully developed and industrialized application, breaking the monopoly of foreign products in this category, China's oil proppant (ceramic sand) product imports began to fall. China's economic embarrassment by the state policy of stimulating domestic demand eased, the market is increasingly active, the domestic demand for high-grade ceramic support products increased, in 2009 China's oil proppant (ceramic sand) imports reached 9,273 tons, while imports amount of reached nearly $ 4.65 million or so. Italy, Japan and the United States region is imported ceramic proppant major countries and regions.
In short, as the world's energy crisis intensifies, high performance oil fracturing proppant there will be a growing market and development potential. High-performance low-cost oil frac proppant research and development industry is bound to be people's attention and development.
Oil fracturing proppant improve the efficiency of oil and gas exploration
Oil Fracturing proppant improve the efficiency of oil and gas exploration
Petroliferous basins understanding of the formation mechanism of the basin classification improvement. Inorganic doctrine active again, dualism, oil fracturing Proppant overthrust nappe find oil, under a hill looking basin sequence stratigraphy development and application of sequence stratigraphy in oil and gas exploration activities, developed a new of disciplines, is in sedimentology, stratigraphy and seismic exploration technology continues to evolve and develop on the basis of data accumulated up. Sequence stratigraphy is a division, comparison and analysis of sedimentary layers of new theories and new methods. So that people can more accurately compare geological age, paleogeographic reconstruction and born before drilling, reservoir and cap and potential stratigraphic traps for prediction.
Progress of the study basin tectonic dynamics Category: sheets (stretch), pressure (compression), twisted (strike-slip) put forward the concept of structural styles: some tectonic environment and conditions under which the basic characteristics of tectonic deformation tectonic model. Basin deformation characteristics, early prediction of tectonic deformation. Inversion structure: refers to a tensile or tenso basin in the late withstood pressure and pressure-shear stress, basin sink to squeeze by the tension on the lung, broken off by a normal fault in the reverse shift in profile form Long concave upper and lower structural framework is Shangni, oil and gas are often late reversal final shape of the structural traps, and hydrocarbon generation, migration is closely matched poly relationship.
Oil frac proppant petroleum geology disciplines, with the oil and gas exploration activities in the human birth of an applied science, it is both the human exploration of oil and gas for the formation and distribution of knowledge summary is guiding theory of human exploration activities weapons. Related to the development of interdisciplinary greatly contributed to the development of petroleum geology, improve the efficiency of oil and gas exploration. Application of plate tectonics theory of plate tectonics was born, known as "geological revolution", it changed people's understanding of the global structure, but also to petroleum geology brought new vitality, it is with a new look discusses the occurrence and development of oil and gas basins geodynamic background, and in a comprehensive explanation of the new ideas in the global distribution of hydrocarbon enrichment rules, expanding the field of oil exploration and the idea that people find oil.
2013年7月27日星期六
Oil fracturing proppant equipment
Oil fracturing proppant equipment
Oil fracturing proppant ceramic sand production equipment is equipment used collectively, have adopted many domestic ceramic proppant sand as oil, gas wells after its stimulation effect after fracturing and production dynamically depending on fracture conductivity, fracture The fracture conductivity is the ability of conducting a fluid within the reservoir to fracturing proppant permeability and fracture the product of slit width of said support, so Proppant type, physical properties and influence the distribution of the crack fracture conductivity flow is an important factor. Therefore, oil fracturing proppant device, also known as oil fracturing proppant equipment.
Oil fracturing proppant equipment: jaw crusher, conveyors, electromagnetic vibrating feeder, energy saving ball mill, separator (dust), ceramic sand granulators, finished screen, cooler, bucket elevator, FU conveyors, etc., according to the diversity of the various manufacturers configuration process, the equipment used will be slightly different.
Oil Ceramic proppant production line granulator has the following characteristics: the ball high, smooth start, slowing impact, simple structure, easy maintenance, low energy consumption, noise sound small, growing equipment life.
Oil fracturing proppant ceramic sand production equipment is equipment used collectively, have adopted many domestic ceramic proppant sand as oil, gas wells after its stimulation effect after fracturing and production dynamically depending on fracture conductivity, fracture The fracture conductivity is the ability of conducting a fluid within the reservoir to fracturing proppant permeability and fracture the product of slit width of said support, so Proppant type, physical properties and influence the distribution of the crack fracture conductivity flow is an important factor. Therefore, oil fracturing proppant device, also known as oil fracturing proppant equipment.
Oil fracturing proppant equipment: jaw crusher, conveyors, electromagnetic vibrating feeder, energy saving ball mill, separator (dust), ceramic sand granulators, finished screen, cooler, bucket elevator, FU conveyors, etc., according to the diversity of the various manufacturers configuration process, the equipment used will be slightly different.
Oil Ceramic proppant production line granulator has the following characteristics: the ball high, smooth start, slowing impact, simple structure, easy maintenance, low energy consumption, noise sound small, growing equipment life.
Shale gas development less harmful impact on the environment
Shale gas development less harmful impact on the environment
It is for environmental needs, at home and abroad has begun to study a smaller impact on the environment, and even non-hazardous and more efficient drilling, fracturing fluid.
Shengli has successfully developed independent non-toxic, biodegradable synthetic-based drilling fluid instead of water-based, oil-based drilling fluid.
shale gas exploration and development of oil and gas in the dense, based on a breakthrough and developed, and its main techniques are similar. First drilling. Horizontal wells and has implemented more than 150 years of vertical wells just drill travels in a different direction, possible environmental pollution drilling, oil is basically the same floor, handled properly can really pollute the environment. But this issue has long been resolved.
Stratum of the few left in the fracturing fluid will contaminate groundwater it We know that for people to use and communicate in groundwater and surface water are at the surface, while the vast majority of shale oil and gas development in the deep, even more than conventional oil and gas but also deep. This is because in most cases in the shale oil and gas generated within the upward migration and accumulation in the porous reservoir. Implementation of shale fracturing between aquifers and surface often several kilometers across hundreds of non-permeable layer. When people are aware of the possible pairs of shallow groundwater or surface water contamination can be avoided when the intention formation with China Unicom.
Many people also worry that the large amount of Hydraulic fracturing and affect the environment. This is a problem, but it need not worry too much. We in the Northwest Territories often specialized in playing well or well field to join the pipeline near the small lake to resolve. Shale oil and gas wells is quite dense formal development, most of the water can be reused. Water is not as much as the legend, but should be less.
After completion of the drilling process and to ensure that mud, oil does not leak, completely recyclable and harmless treatment. Moreover, the use of recycled materials can be used repeatedly, floor oil and associated gas flaring are also recycled or. Such as less than this, the construction unit will be ordered rectification, fines or cancel construction qualifications. Clearly, the current oil industry has been doing it. Otherwise, attach such importance to the environment today, can survive it
Environmentalists are most concerned about fracturing. Principle is the use of hydraulic fracturing fracturing fluid carrying sand to dense rock will press out small cracks, but after fracturing fluid flowback from the wellhead to shift left in the seam with sand as a support to prevent fracture closure. These artificial joints difficult to guide low grade oil and gas flowing into the wellbore being mined. It is very difficult high-tech process, the pressure opening pressure is not small, but the pressure is too large may also be the target layer are also outside the rock cracks.
As some people worry that fracturing caused by the earthquake is even more worrying. Analogy is a large reservoir can be a huge load increment can be triggered to regulate micro-seismic crustal balance, but its magnitude is very low and never cause harm. Fracturing and stress state of underground development impact than an order of magnitude lower large reservoir. Instead, rock fracturing generated microseismic fracture monitoring fracturing and inverted to become a powerful tool for development effectiveness in shale gas development in the rapidly evolving technology and it became a branch.
Oil fracturing proppant is the key element of quality results
Oil fracturing proppant is the key element of quality results
Oil fracturing proppant ceramic sand oil, gas oil and gas wells low paint fracturing through the key material is to use the Rocky Mountains four unique soil aluminum raw material, through a unique system of representing and sintered powder, resistant to high ju, high pressure resistance, corrosion resistance, high strength, high conductivity, low broken slaughter characteristics, is drilling for oil off crack Shi Ding indispensable solid material.
Now oil companies proppant materials used are also more, but most ceramic sand production enterprises as the main raw material used bauxite, manganese powder is also used, calcite and other supporting material, and fast and accurate detection of these materials is organizational process recipe, improve product quality, enhance quality control, an important basis to reduce production costs.
Ceramic proppant for oil sands raw materials, semi-finished and finished products testing methods to the relevant national standard methods for chemical analysis and the widely used rapid multi-element analyzer; while the method of detection based on national standards, a long time, testing costs higher operating error is large, so the current enterprise to carry out extensive selection DHF series of multi-element analyzer for raw materials, semi finished fast and accurate quantitative detection, to achieve fast, accurate, low cost, efficient purpose. In the ceramic sand production enterprises play an important role.
Ceramic sand as a proppant to maximize access to oil resources, increasing oil production, reduce production costs, the oil industry has played a very important role. Widely used in petroleum exploration of new materials. The quality of ceramic sand is used as the effect of Proppant key elements!
Ceramic proppant fracturing products used in deep when filled to its low Luo through cracks in the rock deposit, where the high-dielectric crack closure process, so that oil and gas formations split, not because of stress fractures play a supporting release closed, thereby maintaining a high oil flow capacity, not only to increase oil and gas production three, and more oil and gas and to extend service life.
Oil fracturing proppant ceramic sand oil, gas oil and gas wells low paint fracturing through the key material is to use the Rocky Mountains four unique soil aluminum raw material, through a unique system of representing and sintered powder, resistant to high ju, high pressure resistance, corrosion resistance, high strength, high conductivity, low broken slaughter characteristics, is drilling for oil off crack Shi Ding indispensable solid material.
Now oil companies proppant materials used are also more, but most ceramic sand production enterprises as the main raw material used bauxite, manganese powder is also used, calcite and other supporting material, and fast and accurate detection of these materials is organizational process recipe, improve product quality, enhance quality control, an important basis to reduce production costs.
Ceramic proppant for oil sands raw materials, semi-finished and finished products testing methods to the relevant national standard methods for chemical analysis and the widely used rapid multi-element analyzer; while the method of detection based on national standards, a long time, testing costs higher operating error is large, so the current enterprise to carry out extensive selection DHF series of multi-element analyzer for raw materials, semi finished fast and accurate quantitative detection, to achieve fast, accurate, low cost, efficient purpose. In the ceramic sand production enterprises play an important role.
Ceramic sand as a proppant to maximize access to oil resources, increasing oil production, reduce production costs, the oil industry has played a very important role. Widely used in petroleum exploration of new materials. The quality of ceramic sand is used as the effect of Proppant key elements!
Ceramic proppant fracturing products used in deep when filled to its low Luo through cracks in the rock deposit, where the high-dielectric crack closure process, so that oil and gas formations split, not because of stress fractures play a supporting release closed, thereby maintaining a high oil flow capacity, not only to increase oil and gas production three, and more oil and gas and to extend service life.
Oil fracturing proppant better insulation properties and high temperature
Oil fracturing proppant better insulation properties and high temperature
Oil fracturing proppant ceramic support material with a solution into the formation along with the high-pressure filling in cracks in the rock, play a supporting fissure is closed not because of the role of stress release, thereby maintaining high conductivity, so that gas flow, increase production. To meet the needs of domestic and international oil and gas wells, ceramic sand oil prices based on the depth of the user can choose different intensity and different specifications. Oil and gas deep mining, the high closure pressure low permeability deposits by fracturing treatment, the rock cracked hydrocarbon, oil and gas from the cracks formed in the channel pooling out.
Oil fracturing proppant dense phase due to the continuous increase in sheets of water, feeding and a cue ball in the tray constantly rolling cue ball surface film of water is also constantly so the cycle suction absorbent material gradually formed the cue ball while the ball rolling when the mechanical action of the pellet gradually increasing the density of the bond plus the role of the clay pellet produce certain mechanical strength to meet the requirements until the formation of the ball as the raw material pellet, pellets, powder sports performance differently.
Oil Ceramic proppant eramic blocks describes the following to Lytag small hollow block construction characteristics as described characteristics: no interface agent, without special mortar, brick construction methods like the same sintering. Product Features: thermal insulation, impermeability antifreeze, lightweight insulation. According to the construction requirements of the different Mu can produce different grades of ceramic hollow block.
Oil fracturing proppant ceramic blocks classification ceramic hollow block of large ceramic hollow blocks, small ceramic hollow blocks, hollow blocks, etc. Lytag. Ceramic blocks feature ceramic hollow block is characterized by a special structure of lightweight ceramic foam resistance, high temperature resistance, thermal insulation properties of ceramic hollow block thermal insulation effect can be achieved with more than 50% energy saving overall national environmental policy of continuous improvement is our new energy-saving concept of the future development trend China has strongly advocated green energy in the building structure which we need to take a more advanced technology to improve energy efficiency. Oil fracturing Proppant particles round, uniform, surface roughness, porous, well-developed internal pore surface area and thus biological bacteria
adhesion ability breeding fast, efficient biofilm under low temperature and turbidity ammonia removal effect reached advanced domestic level duty cycle Long-period large water production.
Ceramic proppant domestic demand gap is relatively large
Ceramic proppant domestic demand gap is relatively large
The world's Ceramic proppant production capacity of about 10 million tons. Overall, the world's ceramic proppant market supply and demand balance, a slight surplus production capacity. Germany, the United States and other countries developments in the field of ceramic proppant is more mature, so in the world occupies a large market. The current domestic situation of ceramic proppant industry can not meet the high-end products in the domestic market demand, rely on imports, competitive low-end products, low prices, low profits.
Although China is an oil-rich country, there is a certain potential for development; but Chinese oil and gas resources are relatively scarce, according to the amount of resources square kilometers of land area, total proven recoverable reserves, remaining recoverable reserves and production values, our country are significantly lower than the world average, China's onshore oil and gas resources after nearly half a century of mining, oil and gas fields already in many of the late, no gas field exploration and development more difficult.
Proppant fracturing oil and gas industry is an important one of the materials needed, high-quality oil frac proppant to improve the economic benefits of a significant role, but at present China's oil and gas supply and demand increasingly tense, oil imports dramatic growth. In the current international political and economic situation,
China's oil from excessive dependence on international resources should make China's oil security issues become very prominent, seriously affecting the safety of China's economic development.
Proppants currently used are quartz sand, ceramic, and various resin-coated composite particles. Wherein the quartz sand cheapest price, relatively low density, ease of construction pumping, so it is widely used, but low intensity quartz sand, sphericity is poor, thereby reducing the fracture conductivity, in particular for closing high pressure does not The deep, quartz sand coated with resin composite particle sphericity have improved, a higher corrosion resistance can be achieved targets, even though the internal quartz sand are crushed, the resin layer may be coated outside wrapped pieces, remain crack The conductivity is fracturing Proppant a development direction, but the current product shelf life is relatively short, the cost is also high. Do not be resistant to corrosion, temperature resistance and compressive strength are higher than the
quartz sand, thus decreasing fracture conductivity is much lower, and now has more and more widely used in oil and gas fields.
Fracturing technology is an important means of transformation of oil and gas fields, it is the use of artificial methods of the fluid injected into the rock grassroots to exceed formation fracture strength of pressure on the rock around the wellbore cracks, forming a channel with high flow capacity, in order to maintain after fracturing On the formation of cracks, oil products can smoothly pass, injecting particulate proppant is one important measure, therefore, the development of high-performance proppant for oil and gas exploration has important significance.
Ceramic proppant has applications in the oil and gas wells plays an important role, not only to increase oil and gas production, but more prolonged service life of oil and gas wells. Therefore, from the research and development of ceramic proppant technology, practical point of view, there is a very good market space, in line with the relevant policies of the local government. Ceramic proppant products in the future exploration and development of oil and gas wells applications will be more widely used, in line with national industrial policy.
The world's Ceramic proppant production capacity of about 10 million tons. Overall, the world's ceramic proppant market supply and demand balance, a slight surplus production capacity. Germany, the United States and other countries developments in the field of ceramic proppant is more mature, so in the world occupies a large market. The current domestic situation of ceramic proppant industry can not meet the high-end products in the domestic market demand, rely on imports, competitive low-end products, low prices, low profits.
Although China is an oil-rich country, there is a certain potential for development; but Chinese oil and gas resources are relatively scarce, according to the amount of resources square kilometers of land area, total proven recoverable reserves, remaining recoverable reserves and production values, our country are significantly lower than the world average, China's onshore oil and gas resources after nearly half a century of mining, oil and gas fields already in many of the late, no gas field exploration and development more difficult.
Proppant fracturing oil and gas industry is an important one of the materials needed, high-quality oil frac proppant to improve the economic benefits of a significant role, but at present China's oil and gas supply and demand increasingly tense, oil imports dramatic growth. In the current international political and economic situation,
China's oil from excessive dependence on international resources should make China's oil security issues become very prominent, seriously affecting the safety of China's economic development.
Proppants currently used are quartz sand, ceramic, and various resin-coated composite particles. Wherein the quartz sand cheapest price, relatively low density, ease of construction pumping, so it is widely used, but low intensity quartz sand, sphericity is poor, thereby reducing the fracture conductivity, in particular for closing high pressure does not The deep, quartz sand coated with resin composite particle sphericity have improved, a higher corrosion resistance can be achieved targets, even though the internal quartz sand are crushed, the resin layer may be coated outside wrapped pieces, remain crack The conductivity is fracturing Proppant a development direction, but the current product shelf life is relatively short, the cost is also high. Do not be resistant to corrosion, temperature resistance and compressive strength are higher than the
quartz sand, thus decreasing fracture conductivity is much lower, and now has more and more widely used in oil and gas fields.
Fracturing technology is an important means of transformation of oil and gas fields, it is the use of artificial methods of the fluid injected into the rock grassroots to exceed formation fracture strength of pressure on the rock around the wellbore cracks, forming a channel with high flow capacity, in order to maintain after fracturing On the formation of cracks, oil products can smoothly pass, injecting particulate proppant is one important measure, therefore, the development of high-performance proppant for oil and gas exploration has important significance.
Ceramic proppant has applications in the oil and gas wells plays an important role, not only to increase oil and gas production, but more prolonged service life of oil and gas wells. Therefore, from the research and development of ceramic proppant technology, practical point of view, there is a very good market space, in line with the relevant policies of the local government. Ceramic proppant products in the future exploration and development of oil and gas wells applications will be more widely used, in line with national industrial policy.
Ceramic sand proppant bring convenience for more users
Ceramic sand proppant bring convenience for more users
Hundreds of thousands of tons of Proppant is pumped into the basement, present, except for quartz sand, the most frequently used is to use bauxite proppant is made of ceramic, should make full use of relatively abundant land resources, high bauxite, developed high-quality bauxite proppant. The current domestic and foreign Ceramic proppant performance compared to still have distance, thinning granulation powder materials, improved process technology will improve the quality of the product.
After the existing market survey company, most users such as quartz sand proppants, ceramic, and various resin-coated composite particles, the price of the quartz sand is very cheap, the relative density is still relatively low, ease of construction the pump the feeding, so it is widely used, but it has a very low intensity of quartz sand, sphericity is poor, thereby reducing the conductivity of the gap, not particularly suitable for deep high pressure in a closed, the quartz sand coated with resin composite particle, the ball of a great change in a very high corrosion resistance index, even with the internal quartz sand are crushed resin layer is coated outside wrapped in very fine, and to maintain the gap conductivity, the pressure crack fracturing proppant space for development, but now the products remain relatively short period, the cost is also high.
Hundreds of thousands of tons of Proppant is pumped into the basement, present, except for quartz sand, the most frequently used is to use bauxite proppant is made of ceramic, should make full use of relatively abundant land resources, high bauxite, developed high-quality bauxite proppant. The current domestic and foreign Ceramic proppant performance compared to still have distance, thinning granulation powder materials, improved process technology will improve the quality of the product.
After the existing market survey company, most users such as quartz sand proppants, ceramic, and various resin-coated composite particles, the price of the quartz sand is very cheap, the relative density is still relatively low, ease of construction the pump the feeding, so it is widely used, but it has a very low intensity of quartz sand, sphericity is poor, thereby reducing the conductivity of the gap, not particularly suitable for deep high pressure in a closed, the quartz sand coated with resin composite particle, the ball of a great change in a very high corrosion resistance index, even with the internal quartz sand are crushed resin layer is coated outside wrapped in very fine, and to maintain the gap conductivity, the pressure crack fracturing proppant space for development, but now the products remain relatively short period, the cost is also high.
2013年7月25日星期四
Petroleum proppant production line all the way to be optimistic about future career prospects immeasurable
After decades of development, China Petroleum Proppant production line equipment industry base has been further strengthened, industrial advantages gradually obvious, but many small problems are urgent to be solved. Proppant production line as oil is imported from abroad I had , then there is in order to occupy a certain position in the international market, we must continue on technological innovation, which is crucial to enhance the overall quality of the device.
Oil Fracturing proppant ceramic sand oil, gas oil and gas wells in low permeability fracturing of key materials. Ceramic sand used in deep oil fracturing proppant fracturing, it will be filled to the low permeability of ceramic deposits of rock fractures, high-closure fracturing treatment, the oil and gas formations split, not because of stress fractures play a supporting release is closed, thereby maintaining a high oil flow capacity, not only to increase oil and gas production, but more prolonged service life of oil and gas wells.
Ceramic oil fracturing proppant is a ceramic particle product with high fracture strength, mainly used for oil well supported in order to increase oil and gas production, an environmentally friendly product. Oil and gas deep mining, the high closure pressure low permeability deposits by fracturing treatment, the rock cracked hydrocarbon, oil and gas from the cracks formed in the channel pooling out. With ceramic proppant into the formation along with the high-pressure solution filled in the cracks in the rock, play a supporting fissure is closed not because of the role of stress release, thereby maintaining high conductivity, so that gas flow, increase production.
Petroleum proppant production line equipment greatly contributed to the development of industrial and other related industries, as oil proppant production line equipment, an important role, so the oil proppant production line equipment become an important part of the equipment industry. Further development of the process of industrialization, oil has become the main source of energy, people's lives have been inseparable from the production of oil and oil proppant oil industry has become an indispensable raw material, which makes oil proppant production line equipment is also more and more widely attention .
Company's existing multi-series ceramic sand equipment, in the course of several years of development, continue to learn from the advanced experience at home and abroad, for the ceramic sand production line to provide the perfect ceramic sand process to make ceramic sand production line users no worries, while according to ceramic sand used in the feedback device users, for the production line structure, configuration, operation, testing and other continuous improvement and optimization, the company series ceramic sand equipment and other domestic manufacturers of similar products, in the process, quality, yield, operating costs and so has an unparalleled advantage.
Petroleum proppant production line development is also developing rapidly in recent years, industry, petroleum proppant production line technology for many industrial upgrading work has been greatly improved, so that oil resources are more effective utilization. Petroleum proppant promising in the future, the need for project construction and industry competition pattern analysis, industry financial indicators of reference, petroleum proppant industry market analysis and the scale of construction, the project construction site conditions of uncertainty and risk analysis programs, equipment industry trends all the way to be optimistic.
Oil proppant is what produced it, and you know how much
Ceramic proppant equipment required for the production of oil fracturing proppant process: Project native aluminum vanadium powder and fly ash, through computer batching system in accordance with formula requires raw materials, ingredients for mixing ingredients were sent after processing into ceramic Odds of the ceramic ball, pellets after drying for screening, after passing inspection become semi, and then fed into the kiln firing semi-finished, after grading, polishing, screening, dust, inspection, packaging finished.
ceramic proppant production process mainly includes the following several aspects:
1, preheating: preheating stage is actually a continuation of the drying, but less than the drying temperature is higher, so the water into the rotary kiln ≤ 5%, because of its high temperature, some chemical reactions at this time to begin the.
2, firing: firing process is a whole process of the most important aspects of its direct impact strength and high density ceramic proppant product performance, the entire complex chemical reactions firing link from the composition point of view, mainly ɑ-Al2O3 corundum phase, glass phase, mullite or mullite - corundum equal, the firing temperature is 1300 ℃.
3, the cooling: high temperature ceramic product showed a thermoplastic state, generally quenched induced cracking, as long as the cooling is not uniform because of damage caused by the internal stress of the ceramic is based on the temperature unevenness caused by the internal temperature ceramic gradient, so under normal circumstances, will not affect the ceramic quench broken.
4, crushing: After mixing well after wet powder as high moisture, after the release of the mixer, grinder required a large lump clod crushing, grinding fineness more detailed the better; otherwise it will affect the quality of subsequent process.
5, once screening: a screening is to have a good semi-rough for a particle size classification, semi-finished products need to comply with the grain of 1.00mm ~ 0.75mm; while for> 1.00mm particles of grain only as scrap, Re-recycling waste; while <0.75mm particle size fractions shall be liable for the cue ceramic ball repeatedly recycled; finally meet 1.00mm ~ 0.75mm particle size fractions into the next process.
6, Drying: After a screening sieve particles out of line with the grain of the semi-finished products with high moisture content (about 10 percent), just as it is necessary to carry out moisture drying out of the semi-finished products, in order to avoid firing into process to produce adverse effects generally drying temperature is about 175 ℃ ~ 275 ℃; addition, the drying drying material according to the case can be properly adjusted Ceramic proppant rotary kiln speed.
7, the second screening: the second screening with a sieving principle is completely the same, but is a two step screening and drying in a number of semi-finished products produced defects for more effective grain size classification of the particles, For example, in a sieve and screening is incomplete, <0.75mm grain particles into the next process; Further, in the drying stage, the semi-finished blanks out some of the dust does not come off in the second screening enters the what procedure, etc., secondary screening to ensure more favorable firing quality and product yield.
8, the finished Ceramic proppant screening: Screening is cooked finished ceramic particle size fractions of a classification.
9, finished oil fracturing proppant pack: At this point you can have a good product packager screening, they number into the warehouse area to be tested, waiting for test delivery.
10, slag buy: This project is a direct purchase of ore to meet the requirements for ingredients.
11, ingredients: When processing ore after their acceptance, they can press a certain weight weighing good, good logo into the coffers, according to a certain weight materials have been weighed into the Treasury; Thus, by weight batching method, together A certain amount of ore with a certain amount of materials into the mixer.
12, mixing: Mixing also known mixing, ceramic products is a very important one process step, it is accompanied by a certain degree of pressure agent, kneading, exhaust, the blank of uniform composition and properties, the quality of the unit or volume having the same composition and particle composition, generally kneaded after about 20 minutes. Will be in the mixer plus 10% of the water, and then continue stirring mixing, mixing until about 45 minutes later, you can discharge into the next process.
13, Ceramic proppant into a ceramic ball First make the cue ceramic ball will be a certain amount of wet powder into a ceramic ball into the machine, turn the 3 to 5 minutes, then stir until the material Kai spray device; spray device to open the first open gas and then water, the gun a good tune, requiring good atomization effect, allowed to have water leakage, the materials placed in the mouth spray flip the fastest parts of the above requirements mist sprayed into the material as much as possible, stop off the water when the first spray device then off the gas. When the material to be a ceramic ball, according to the material's moisture level in proportion to add some dry, then wet, add flour, and so on, so that the cue ceramic ball to be achieved gradually grown to semi until both semi-dense, and roundness, ceramic ball degrees and other technical indicators meet the requirements.
ceramic proppant production process mainly includes the following several aspects:
1, preheating: preheating stage is actually a continuation of the drying, but less than the drying temperature is higher, so the water into the rotary kiln ≤ 5%, because of its high temperature, some chemical reactions at this time to begin the.
2, firing: firing process is a whole process of the most important aspects of its direct impact strength and high density ceramic proppant product performance, the entire complex chemical reactions firing link from the composition point of view, mainly ɑ-Al2O3 corundum phase, glass phase, mullite or mullite - corundum equal, the firing temperature is 1300 ℃.
3, the cooling: high temperature ceramic product showed a thermoplastic state, generally quenched induced cracking, as long as the cooling is not uniform because of damage caused by the internal stress of the ceramic is based on the temperature unevenness caused by the internal temperature ceramic gradient, so under normal circumstances, will not affect the ceramic quench broken.
4, crushing: After mixing well after wet powder as high moisture, after the release of the mixer, grinder required a large lump clod crushing, grinding fineness more detailed the better; otherwise it will affect the quality of subsequent process.
5, once screening: a screening is to have a good semi-rough for a particle size classification, semi-finished products need to comply with the grain of 1.00mm ~ 0.75mm; while for> 1.00mm particles of grain only as scrap, Re-recycling waste; while <0.75mm particle size fractions shall be liable for the cue ceramic ball repeatedly recycled; finally meet 1.00mm ~ 0.75mm particle size fractions into the next process.
6, Drying: After a screening sieve particles out of line with the grain of the semi-finished products with high moisture content (about 10 percent), just as it is necessary to carry out moisture drying out of the semi-finished products, in order to avoid firing into process to produce adverse effects generally drying temperature is about 175 ℃ ~ 275 ℃; addition, the drying drying material according to the case can be properly adjusted Ceramic proppant rotary kiln speed.
7, the second screening: the second screening with a sieving principle is completely the same, but is a two step screening and drying in a number of semi-finished products produced defects for more effective grain size classification of the particles, For example, in a sieve and screening is incomplete, <0.75mm grain particles into the next process; Further, in the drying stage, the semi-finished blanks out some of the dust does not come off in the second screening enters the what procedure, etc., secondary screening to ensure more favorable firing quality and product yield.
8, the finished Ceramic proppant screening: Screening is cooked finished ceramic particle size fractions of a classification.
9, finished oil fracturing proppant pack: At this point you can have a good product packager screening, they number into the warehouse area to be tested, waiting for test delivery.
10, slag buy: This project is a direct purchase of ore to meet the requirements for ingredients.
11, ingredients: When processing ore after their acceptance, they can press a certain weight weighing good, good logo into the coffers, according to a certain weight materials have been weighed into the Treasury; Thus, by weight batching method, together A certain amount of ore with a certain amount of materials into the mixer.
12, mixing: Mixing also known mixing, ceramic products is a very important one process step, it is accompanied by a certain degree of pressure agent, kneading, exhaust, the blank of uniform composition and properties, the quality of the unit or volume having the same composition and particle composition, generally kneaded after about 20 minutes. Will be in the mixer plus 10% of the water, and then continue stirring mixing, mixing until about 45 minutes later, you can discharge into the next process.
13, Ceramic proppant into a ceramic ball First make the cue ceramic ball will be a certain amount of wet powder into a ceramic ball into the machine, turn the 3 to 5 minutes, then stir until the material Kai spray device; spray device to open the first open gas and then water, the gun a good tune, requiring good atomization effect, allowed to have water leakage, the materials placed in the mouth spray flip the fastest parts of the above requirements mist sprayed into the material as much as possible, stop off the water when the first spray device then off the gas. When the material to be a ceramic ball, according to the material's moisture level in proportion to add some dry, then wet, add flour, and so on, so that the cue ceramic ball to be achieved gradually grown to semi until both semi-dense, and roundness, ceramic ball degrees and other technical indicators meet the requirements.
Ceramic proppant extending well oilfield service life
Ceramic proppant extending well oilfield service life
In the production process of ceramic sand manganese is usually added to lower the sintering temperature and the product was dyed a dark color. At present, most manufacturers use low-grade manganese ore or manganese ash as a source of manganese, but doing so while nearly half of the purchase cost of waste impurities on the other hand, because the composition of volatile impurities, resulting in the production process is extremely difficult to stabilize control, each will require substantial human and financial resources
debugging formulas, rather difficult to further improve product quality.
Ceramic sand is a ceramic particle product with high fracture strength, mainly used for oil well supported in order to increase oil and gas production, an environmentally friendly product. This item is the use of high-quality bauxite, coal and other raw materials, sintered ceramics, natural silica sand, glass beads, metal balls, low intensity Proppant substitute for oil and gas production with good results.
Ceramic sand is widely used in oil and gas fields deep, high pressure fracturing of oil and gas, the product is high ultrafine bauxite as main raw material processing, and then add a variety of chemical and phase transfer agent, chemically treated, and then the system grain, polished high temperature calcination, the product at high pressure closure, broken rate is very low, slow and fragmented, relatively greatly improved conductivity, it has a high compressive strength, bulk density, sphericity good conductivity and other characteristics. Use of the product gas after fracturing sand ratio has improved to reduce construction friction, improve manufacturing sewing ability to improve oil production, extending well life, reduce construction costs and other advantages, is the deep fissure hydrocarbon fracturing the best products.
Petroleum proppant production line market potential immeasurable
Petroleum Proppant production line called oil Fracturing proppant . Deep in the oil and gas operations when high pressure is low and permeability deposits closed after fracturing treatment, the oil and gas formations opens, oil and gas from the cracks in the channel formed in the convergence out, then we should rock grassroots fluid injection has overtaken formation fracture strength pressure, so the wellbore surrounding rock produces small gap, forming a very high flow capacity of the channel, in order to ensure the formation of cracks open after fracturing, oil and gas materials can smoothly pass. The same height as the proppant into the formation pressure was sufficiently fill the gap in the rock, the gap from the stress play a supporting role in the release of the closure, thus ensuring a high conductivity, the gas unimpeded out together, increased production .
Ceramic sand particles are ceramic products, with a high fracture strength advantage, mainly used in oil well supported in order to increase the quality of oil and gas products for oil and gas production has a good effect, and low prices, an environmentally friendly product. Ceramic sand is the use of high-quality bauxite, coal and other raw materials, ceramic baking.
With the world on the rapid development of the oil industry, petroleum, natural gas is gradually increasing difficulty, with the oil, gas and mining depth of the well uncomfortable growing, low-permeability-type deposits also increased more more things, at home and abroad high strength proppant unprecedented demand for products increases.
Petroleum ceramic proppant products, and now in the initial stage of development of domestic, most manufacturers only produce medium and low intensity of products, most of granulation equipment are dozens of sugar coating machine, high production costs, coupled with manual operation quality is not very stable, low productivity, it is difficult to meet the domestic market demand. Therefore Petroleum proppant products have broad market potential and competitiveness.
River of filling the oil proppant style
Oil extraction inseparable, practice shows that the use of oil frac proppant alumina production increased 30-50%, but also the life of oil and gas wells delayed, oil, natural gas wells in low permeability oil and gas exploration, construction of good material . When applied to deep fracturing operations, fully filled with low-permeability rock crevices, you can use high closed fracturing treatment, the hydrocarbon-bearing rock crevice split, play a supporting gap not because of stress release is closed, thereby ensure high oil flow capacity, not only to increase oil and gas production, oil and gas wells may be better to extend the service life.
South China Sea oil treasure. Exploration of the sea area of the South China Sea has 160,000 square kilometers, discovered oil reserves of up to 5.22 billion tons, the South China Sea oil and gas resources can be developed worth over two billion million yuan, annual GDP growth for China's contribution of 1 to 2 percentage points. According to statistics, in the South China Sea Zengmu basin, Sabah basin, basin Wanan total oil storage capacity of close to 20 billion tons, is the world's large untapped reservoir, more than half of which was placed under the storage capacity distribution in China waters under the jurisdiction. The entire South China Sea oil reserves roughly 230 to 300 billion tons, accounting for about one-third of Chinese resources, belonging to one of the world's four major marine oil and gas gathering center, the "second Persian Gulf," said.
China's national development and utilization of the oceans to increase the strength of ocean sovereignty, indicating the importance of oil resources for the development of the South China Sea increasing demands for oil Proppant growing demand, while focusing on the export of aluminum alumina ceramic sand is also facing domestic supply situation, especially in today's very unstable foreign exchange, reduction of export profits does not make oil proppant unmarketable, but in short supply, petroleum Ceramic proppant volume of investment is large, promising trend.
Ceramic proppant sand and crude oil formulations have anything to do
Proppant during use, through the force it is very complex, the need to adapt to a wide range of physical. Therefore, the performance characteristics of the surface process is usually divided into a series of small-scale experiments can simulate a broad and complex key part of the physical environment. Fracturing fluid properties of the surface characteristics of a wide range, from the molecular level to large-scale test equipment, it may be close to the actual liquid mixing, wellbore and fracture size.
Sometimes slag breaker agent and does not prevent the formation of a stable emulsion formation. Recent studies have shown, how to prevent the crude reaction produces acids and acid residue and a more stable emulsion. Some 'difficult' crude oil and acid required between the use of a hydrocarbon solvent, buffer, are able to make crude oil and acid solubility. Crude oil and acid buffering to reduce exposure and prevent or reduce the problem of acid sludge and emulsification.
To ensure the quality in use, in use, the properties of the surface characteristics of the fracturing fluid, typically including use of the ideal case, that the ceramic proppant how the system uses. Fracturing fluid additives and systems for the development and design to get fracturing and fracturing simulation input parameters required for the use of the characteristic properties of the surface fracturing fluid approaches the target mainly on the most commonly used liquid, modified guar gum or guar gum As a water-based polymer fracturing fluid thickener system. Typically, the water-based fracturing fluid used methods can be applied to other improvements made the appropriate liquid, such as oil-based crosslinked liquid, emulsion and foam liquid.
As the pressure drop, pitch particles to precipitate. Mutual solvent can be used to partially or completely disperse them. This effect can help to better dissolve acid soluble acid solids. On an already competitive with oil-base mud wells wells, before acidification pre-soaked with an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, is conducive to flowback.
Mutual solvent and a surfactant formulation as a pre-rinse solution may be to restore the formation of wet conditions.
To determine the fracturing fluid system performance in a large number of experimental work carried out before the first experimental work required to get ready samples of various materials, including water, hydrocarbons and acids, it may be necessary to use a variety of materials mixed in a stirred together. All materials must be confirmed by the manufacturer, as well as to trace origin of proppant in particular should pay special attention, because it is difficult to obtain representative samples of each batch. This difficulty is caused by transportation or during handling due to the different sizes of the sand will produce separation.
Performance characteristics of Fracturing proppant surface methods detailed process may vary, depending on the composition of the liquid, for example: oil-based fluids, emulsions is compressible, or bubble size - Change foam fracturing fluid, which requires determined using a pressure range.
Sometimes slag breaker agent and does not prevent the formation of a stable emulsion formation. Recent studies have shown, how to prevent the crude reaction produces acids and acid residue and a more stable emulsion. Some 'difficult' crude oil and acid required between the use of a hydrocarbon solvent, buffer, are able to make crude oil and acid solubility. Crude oil and acid buffering to reduce exposure and prevent or reduce the problem of acid sludge and emulsification.
To ensure the quality in use, in use, the properties of the surface characteristics of the fracturing fluid, typically including use of the ideal case, that the ceramic proppant how the system uses. Fracturing fluid additives and systems for the development and design to get fracturing and fracturing simulation input parameters required for the use of the characteristic properties of the surface fracturing fluid approaches the target mainly on the most commonly used liquid, modified guar gum or guar gum As a water-based polymer fracturing fluid thickener system. Typically, the water-based fracturing fluid used methods can be applied to other improvements made the appropriate liquid, such as oil-based crosslinked liquid, emulsion and foam liquid.
As the pressure drop, pitch particles to precipitate. Mutual solvent can be used to partially or completely disperse them. This effect can help to better dissolve acid soluble acid solids. On an already competitive with oil-base mud wells wells, before acidification pre-soaked with an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, is conducive to flowback.
Mutual solvent and a surfactant formulation as a pre-rinse solution may be to restore the formation of wet conditions.
To determine the fracturing fluid system performance in a large number of experimental work carried out before the first experimental work required to get ready samples of various materials, including water, hydrocarbons and acids, it may be necessary to use a variety of materials mixed in a stirred together. All materials must be confirmed by the manufacturer, as well as to trace origin of proppant in particular should pay special attention, because it is difficult to obtain representative samples of each batch. This difficulty is caused by transportation or during handling due to the different sizes of the sand will produce separation.
Performance characteristics of Fracturing proppant surface methods detailed process may vary, depending on the composition of the liquid, for example: oil-based fluids, emulsions is compressible, or bubble size - Change foam fracturing fluid, which requires determined using a pressure range.
Shale oil and gas development and attention must face
China largely original technology to ensure the exploitation of shale gas horizontal wells and Hydraulic fracturing method with minimal impact on the environment, should not be unduly worried. Like other unconventional oil and gas, shale oil and gas exploration and development and technological innovation, closely linked to increased levels of the Department.
U.S. relying on its strong technical support system, rely on technological innovation to spend a larger investment and longer time to obtain the rapid development of shale gas. So many people think that, as a new growth point in China's shale gas will inevitably have a big gap with the United States, in this context to face a long journey. U.S. company said: China shale gas development technology to master at least 10 years. Seem to leave no less than U.S. technology Chinese people eating shale gas. This statement insufficiency, or even the majority is wrong.
Shale gas and tight oil and gas belong to unconventional oil and gas, their core technology is the two series: horizontal wells and fracturing. It is relying on its technology as the main series of perfect matching, the United States broke through the tight sandstone reservoir development and production increased to compensate for its old oilfields production. 2010 America tight gas accounted for 26% of total production of about 159 billion cubic meters. Tight oil accounts for about 10% of the total output of about 34 million tons. The technology used in this set of shale and make it gradually adapted to its peculiarities will be awarded for the great development of shale oil and gas.
Chinese oil and gas has gone through a similar process. Based on its geological particularity, a higher share of dense gas. After nearly 10 years of technical research, China dense rapid increase oil and gas production, respectively, of total production of about 1/5, 1/4, to become an integral part.
This shows that China dense gas exploration and development technology has reached a very high level, and China in the horizontal well fracturing technology as the main sets of technically matured. Various orientation of cluster horizontal wells, stepped horizontal wells, horizontal wells fishbone-like branches and their corresponding drilling, completion, testing and other processes have become quite popular engineering methods. In fracturing adapt to different geological and reservoir fracturing fluid situation has formed several series, fracturing, carrying sand, (fracturing fluid) flowback and other processes are also supporting the formation, fracturing fluid scale from one hundred thousand square square sand Middleweight developed to Wan Fang liquid thousand square sand magnitude.
Shale gas development in the United States is proud of horizontal well fracturing can simultaneously achieve in practical fracturing, paragraph 20, on the development of China in recent years to 16 segments. At present, the work has just begun, engineering has for the Chinese domestic oil shale were actually developed for high detrital content, high clay content of the two types of shale fracturing fluid, in order to protect the current shale gas fracturing.
Of course, shale gas and tight oil and gas development there are many different, there are many needs in practice to overcome new challenges. Even if the same categories of oil and gas development in the different basins, reservoirs of different nature (such as shale and clay mineral content types can be quite a big change), or even at different depths, in the implementation of exploration and development operations will encounter different technical issues, needs to be done to explore specific (including failure), adopted different tactics.
Particular attention to oil and gas exploration and development at different stages require different technology and equipment, they consist of complex technical systems, often only one or two defects in the absence of technical process can affect the entire production chain to complete and cost reduction . Shale oil and gas development from the point of view, the main technology has not meant a preliminary set of technical series with the protection of certain units to master advanced technology and universal application problems. China should gradually complete, improve its ancillary indeed still some practice, the status quo than with the United States, there are many gaps, some of the
individual technologies still a big gap, it is necessary to face and attention.
Oil fracturing proppant effective strategies to reduce risk
The current production of oil fracturing proppant production line equipment because the market is large, a large gap in the market at home and abroad, in the last 3-5 year period, with less risk. But the industry is relatively low technical threshold, as oil
Fracturing proppant applications market continues to expand, new enterprises will inevitably lead to increased competition in the field will increase the risk, for which we must accelerate the pace of construction of the project as soon as possible to seize the domestic and foreign market share in order to effectively reduce investment risks.
1, measures to deal with risks: First, make full use of the role of intellectual property protection for the enterprise; second is to increase R & D investment in enhanced oil fracturing Proppant roduction efficiency and product quality at the same time, strengthen the application of technology to improve other enterprises technology into the industry threshold; Third, pay close attention to changes in the state's macroeconomic policies, and to strengthen research related industries, to grasp the latest policy changes and industry trends, as soon as possible countermeasures, while strengthening R & D and innovation, to make our products to meet the market needs, as far as possible to minimize the risk policy, maintaining the company's sustained and stable development.
2, the technical risks: Currently, the company's technology provider technology has been successfully applied to several companies, equipment has been finalized, production technology has been validated, the project products have been widely used in many overseas oil exploration projects, to good effect, indicates that the project technical risk period has expired. Therefore, the implementation of the project technical risks that may arise is small, it is still necessary to take various measures to further resolve the
possible risks.
Solution: First, the establishment of a suitable business development talent incentive mechanism; Second, the existing team-based, inviting the Magi, and constantly enhance the company's R & D strength; Third, make full use of universities, research institutes resources to strengthen horizontal cooperation continuous technological innovation.
3, management risk: After project implementation, the company needs a lot of support for all kinds of professionals, the company mainly through its own training-based, supplemented by external recruitment methods to ensure the development of necessary expertise.
Solution: First, the company will take the incentive mechanism, strengthen internal management, improve the overall quality of workers and business service levels; Second, the company will increase investment in human resources, strengthen talent introduction and training, ahead of the reserves, scientific and rational allocation of human resources.
Domestic and international oil fracturing proppant market supply gaps and the application continues to expand its presence contradiction between supply and demand, although nearly 2 to 3 years Product price fluctuations, but the market demand will not be ups and downs, the recent investment risk. Because of this factor, the existing corporate and investment groups have set up factories and expansion, adding oil ceramic proppant production. But with the expansion of production scale, market oversupply, the firm has existed operational risks, the project will also encounter this risk.
1, measures to deal with risks: First, make full use of the role of intellectual property protection for the enterprise; second is to increase R & D investment in enhanced oil fracturing Proppant roduction efficiency and product quality at the same time, strengthen the application of technology to improve other enterprises technology into the industry threshold; Third, pay close attention to changes in the state's macroeconomic policies, and to strengthen research related industries, to grasp the latest policy changes and industry trends, as soon as possible countermeasures, while strengthening R & D and innovation, to make our products to meet the market needs, as far as possible to minimize the risk policy, maintaining the company's sustained and stable development.
2, the technical risks: Currently, the company's technology provider technology has been successfully applied to several companies, equipment has been finalized, production technology has been validated, the project products have been widely used in many overseas oil exploration projects, to good effect, indicates that the project technical risk period has expired. Therefore, the implementation of the project technical risks that may arise is small, it is still necessary to take various measures to further resolve the
possible risks.
Solution: First, the establishment of a suitable business development talent incentive mechanism; Second, the existing team-based, inviting the Magi, and constantly enhance the company's R & D strength; Third, make full use of universities, research institutes resources to strengthen horizontal cooperation continuous technological innovation.
3, management risk: After project implementation, the company needs a lot of support for all kinds of professionals, the company mainly through its own training-based, supplemented by external recruitment methods to ensure the development of necessary expertise.
Solution: First, the company will take the incentive mechanism, strengthen internal management, improve the overall quality of workers and business service levels; Second, the company will increase investment in human resources, strengthen talent introduction and training, ahead of the reserves, scientific and rational allocation of human resources.
Domestic and international oil fracturing proppant market supply gaps and the application continues to expand its presence contradiction between supply and demand, although nearly 2 to 3 years Product price fluctuations, but the market demand will not be ups and downs, the recent investment risk. Because of this factor, the existing corporate and investment groups have set up factories and expansion, adding oil ceramic proppant production. But with the expansion of production scale, market oversupply, the firm has existed operational risks, the project will also encounter this risk.
2013年7月24日星期三
Analysis of ceramic proppant conditions do
Ceramic proppant sand and oil. Used to be called only in peacetime as ceramic proppant sand, while oil
frac proppant one kind of generic, when used in the oil mines, also called petroleum proppant.
For Ceramic proppant can not do this, the most critical look at your ceramic sand is what the raw material is consistent with the criteria used oil frac proppant. Petroleum frac proppant performance standards are three:
1, should have sufficient strength proppant and wear resistance and can withstand the strong injection pressure and friction, and effectively support the artificial cracks.
2, the relative density of the proppant particles to be low, easy to pump into the underground.
3, Proppant particles at a temperature of 200 degrees under the condition with the fracturing fluid and reservoir fluid chemical reaction does not occur, an acid solubility of the maximum permissible value should be less than 7%.
If your ceramic sand meet these three criteria, then the answer is yes, if there is one, or two do not meet the criteria, then I am sorry this is not really used as a proppant. Therefore, in the production of goods to be clarified before the performance of such products, to ensure the production of products to meet the requirements to meet the needs of market development.
For Ceramic proppant can not do this, the most critical look at your ceramic sand is what the raw material is consistent with the criteria used oil frac proppant. Petroleum frac proppant performance standards are three:
1, should have sufficient strength proppant and wear resistance and can withstand the strong injection pressure and friction, and effectively support the artificial cracks.
2, the relative density of the proppant particles to be low, easy to pump into the underground.
3, Proppant particles at a temperature of 200 degrees under the condition with the fracturing fluid and reservoir fluid chemical reaction does not occur, an acid solubility of the maximum permissible value should be less than 7%.
If your ceramic sand meet these three criteria, then the answer is yes, if there is one, or two do not meet the criteria, then I am sorry this is not really used as a proppant. Therefore, in the production of goods to be clarified before the performance of such products, to ensure the production of products to meet the requirements to meet the needs of market development.
Oil fracturing proppant significance for the exploitation of resources
Oil fracturing
Proppant is an oil and gas must be used when a material, the main function is to fill the gap crack rock pressure and thus support its smooth back out of the oil and gas, in NA oil fracturing proppant case, the situation is most prone to experience flow pressure drilling equipment from the exploitation of the resulting loss of gap formation, resulting in a lot of waste of resources.
In fact, in general, oil fracturing proppant not increase the amount of oil and gas exploration, but in the rock solidified save resources which, with minimal wastage to be mined to ensure that the resource is not lost, do not waste , due to resource over-exploitation, is caused by shortage of resources, such as oil and even basic necessities such industrial activities using a little bit less, and in the mining process, then the loss of natural attrition and labor exploitation, then the resources will be left for us less, and for oil fracturing proppant this intensive resource extraction must be material, the real effective to maintain the exploitation of oil and gas resources in the amount of the loss to a minimum amount in the case of developing more resources, so said oil fracturing proppant is there for the exploitation of resources at its major significance.
In fact, in general, oil fracturing proppant not increase the amount of oil and gas exploration, but in the rock solidified save resources which, with minimal wastage to be mined to ensure that the resource is not lost, do not waste , due to resource over-exploitation, is caused by shortage of resources, such as oil and even basic necessities such industrial activities using a little bit less, and in the mining process, then the loss of natural attrition and labor exploitation, then the resources will be left for us less, and for oil fracturing proppant this intensive resource extraction must be material, the real effective to maintain the exploitation of oil and gas resources in the amount of the loss to a minimum amount in the case of developing more resources, so said oil fracturing proppant is there for the exploitation of resources at its major significance.
China is the world's largest importer of oil fracturing proppant
U.S. Energy Information Administration data show that oil
fracturing proppant day last December U.S. net imports of only 598 million barrels of oil, while China Customs data is that China has rapidly month daily oil net imports reached 612 million barrels. Although the annual total, the United States remains the world's biggest buyer of oil, but with the United States, "
shale gas revolution" in depth, China's demand for energy increases, China surpassed the U.S. as the largest oil importer, is a matter of time. Oil demand in China and the U.S. on the translocation of China is a warning sign. National Development and Reform Commission in accordance with the data in the whole of 2012, China Petroleum
(601857, stock it) yield 204 million tons, while imports reached 280 million tons, dependence on foreign oil has reached about 58%.
Oil fracturing Proppant security alarm is sounding. From an economic perspective, as China has become the world's biggest oil importer, will have a lot of wealth for foreign oil imports, on the one hand it will greatly controlled by others, not even rule out some problems due to the "oil crisis", which seriously impact Chinese economy; hand, this will greatly enhance the "Made in China" costs, affecting the competitiveness of Chinese products. In contrast, with the "shale gas revolution" further, the United States is likely to surpass Saudi Arabia and Russia to become the world's largest energy producer. Ensure adequate energy, relatively low prices, is expected to reshape the U.S. manufacturing sector, the current from the IB M to Intel, from Caterpillar to General Electric, U.S. companies with the "shale gas revolution" Dongfeng are returning local production, if This trend can be sustained for the Chinese economy, it is definitely not a blessing.
From a geopolitical perspective, the future of China's oil fracturing proppant of origin, in addition to neighboring Russia, mainly from the Gulf region. However, the complex political and military situation in the Middle East, but it is the biggest threat to stable source of oil. From a technical perspective, the issue of energy security, science and technology will undoubtedly serve as the primary productive role, and shale gas is also worthy of a "game changer" in the title. It is thanks to new technologies such as Hydraulic fracturing applications, shale gas development in the United States has made a major breakthrough, but the technology innovation, essential also for the U.S. monopoly.
Although a large number of Chinese shale gas reserves, but the complex geological structure, the basic national conditions of water shortage, especially the lack of innovative technology, yet not allow shale gas development to become a reality.
(601857, stock it) yield 204 million tons, while imports reached 280 million tons, dependence on foreign oil has reached about 58%.
Oil fracturing Proppant security alarm is sounding. From an economic perspective, as China has become the world's biggest oil importer, will have a lot of wealth for foreign oil imports, on the one hand it will greatly controlled by others, not even rule out some problems due to the "oil crisis", which seriously impact Chinese economy; hand, this will greatly enhance the "Made in China" costs, affecting the competitiveness of Chinese products. In contrast, with the "shale gas revolution" further, the United States is likely to surpass Saudi Arabia and Russia to become the world's largest energy producer. Ensure adequate energy, relatively low prices, is expected to reshape the U.S. manufacturing sector, the current from the IB M to Intel, from Caterpillar to General Electric, U.S. companies with the "shale gas revolution" Dongfeng are returning local production, if This trend can be sustained for the Chinese economy, it is definitely not a blessing.
From a geopolitical perspective, the future of China's oil fracturing proppant of origin, in addition to neighboring Russia, mainly from the Gulf region. However, the complex political and military situation in the Middle East, but it is the biggest threat to stable source of oil. From a technical perspective, the issue of energy security, science and technology will undoubtedly serve as the primary productive role, and shale gas is also worthy of a "game changer" in the title. It is thanks to new technologies such as Hydraulic fracturing applications, shale gas development in the United States has made a major breakthrough, but the technology innovation, essential also for the U.S. monopoly.
Although a large number of Chinese shale gas reserves, but the complex geological structure, the basic national conditions of water shortage, especially the lack of innovative technology, yet not allow shale gas development to become a reality.
High permeability sand fracturing technology
High permeability formations sand fracturing refers to the high-permeability strata fracturing, they also finished packing sand operations. Conventional gravel packing method for high-permeability formations likely to cause injury, severe lower conductivity. The technology requires TSO end technology, the
fracturing proppant in high enough concentrations. Sand pumping continues after a period of time increases the net pressure can be further expanded crack width. If necessary, in the construction stage slightly lower pump speed, the proppant can be better filled in the cracks. Experience shows that, compared with the low permeability formation fracturing, high permeability formation fracturing can result in higher fracture conductivity. This will not only be able to get a higher yield, but also a very effective sand control. It should be noted, however, high yield, yield changes, such as flooding are likely to result in sand or sand-emphasis and production.
With micro-fracturing obtain more accurate fracture closure pressure, closing time, fracturing fluid efficiency, initial loss of volume, filtration coefficient data, but also can be designed to produce short, wide cracks, to further reduce the skin factor. Commonly used hydraulic fracturing fluid is a linear hydroxyethyl cellulose gel and borate crosslinked fluid, the former main advantage is no harm to the formation of the latter with good reversibility, the Proppant pack to restore high permeability rate. The two composite fracturing fluid can protect the formation fracturing can create cracks in the high conductivity for high-permeability formation fracturing very good results. Using a large proppant particles better, is the development trend. Presently preferred is 20/40 mesh sand. Conventional gravel pack sand particles used is too small, can not effectively reduce the near wellbore pressure drop and prevent sand. The adoption of the technology in the Louisiana offshore field penetration 500 × 10-3 ~ 1000 × 10-3μm2 strata, so daily output of up to 28.3 × 104m3, much higher than in the region with a conventional gravel pack production wells . In West Africa, a high penetration in the development of new oil fields, the use of the technology to make skin factor decreased to 2.0, sand production and have achieved good results.
With micro-fracturing obtain more accurate fracture closure pressure, closing time, fracturing fluid efficiency, initial loss of volume, filtration coefficient data, but also can be designed to produce short, wide cracks, to further reduce the skin factor. Commonly used hydraulic fracturing fluid is a linear hydroxyethyl cellulose gel and borate crosslinked fluid, the former main advantage is no harm to the formation of the latter with good reversibility, the Proppant pack to restore high permeability rate. The two composite fracturing fluid can protect the formation fracturing can create cracks in the high conductivity for high-permeability formation fracturing very good results. Using a large proppant particles better, is the development trend. Presently preferred is 20/40 mesh sand. Conventional gravel pack sand particles used is too small, can not effectively reduce the near wellbore pressure drop and prevent sand. The adoption of the technology in the Louisiana offshore field penetration 500 × 10-3 ~ 1000 × 10-3μm2 strata, so daily output of up to 28.3 × 104m3, much higher than in the region with a conventional gravel pack production wells . In West Africa, a high penetration in the development of new oil fields, the use of the technology to make skin factor decreased to 2.0, sand production and have achieved good results.
Oil fracturing proppant product applications
Oil fracturing
Proppant fracturing products used in the construction of deep wells, to fill the low permeability fractured rock deposits, make high closed fracturing treatment, the oil and gas formations split, play a supporting fissure is closed due to stress release , thereby maintaining a high oil flow capacity, not only to increase oil and gas production, but more prolonged service life of oil and gas wells.
Ceramic sand mining bauxite, fragmentation is generally about 300 ~ 500mm, containing a small amount of water. Generally use jaw crusher and hammer crusher crushing system consisting of two, will control the particle size ≤ 8mm bauxite into the plant, according to taste different, stacked separately.
When used according to indicators with use.
Oil fracturing proppant sand in the production of ceramic process usually added manganese (Mn) elements reduce the sintering temperature and products dyed a dark color. At present, most manufacturers use low-grade (50% content) of manganese or manganese as manganese dust sources. Ingredients bauxite, manganese powder, recycled materials, such as several materials were transported to the respective material library, the library is set to achieve the material speed automatic belt weigher dosing. Commonly used drying and grinding ball mill grinding, supporting high-efficiency, form a closed circuit system. Such high efficiency grinding.
Ceramic sand mining bauxite, fragmentation is generally about 300 ~ 500mm, containing a small amount of water. Generally use jaw crusher and hammer crusher crushing system consisting of two, will control the particle size ≤ 8mm bauxite into the plant, according to taste different, stacked separately.
When used according to indicators with use.
Oil fracturing proppant sand in the production of ceramic process usually added manganese (Mn) elements reduce the sintering temperature and products dyed a dark color. At present, most manufacturers use low-grade (50% content) of manganese or manganese as manganese dust sources. Ingredients bauxite, manganese powder, recycled materials, such as several materials were transported to the respective material library, the library is set to achieve the material speed automatic belt weigher dosing. Commonly used drying and grinding ball mill grinding, supporting high-efficiency, form a closed circuit system. Such high efficiency grinding.
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