In fact the change of density quoted requires 40% more by weight of the high density ceramic

In fact the change of density quoted requires 40% more by weight of the high density ceramic to fill the same volume than the low density proppant would require. Proppants are purchased on a weight basis and a sintered bauxite proppant may have a price 20 times that of silica sand or more. When the density factor is taken into account the cost of changing from a silica sand proppant to sintered bauxite proppant may result in a more than 30 fold increase in cost of this component. Many attempts have therefore been made to produce proppants of high strength relative to sand but with a lower density than that of sintered bauxite. In this context European patent application No. 0 087 852 by Dresser Industries, Inc is relevant. This is based on the use of Eufala aluminous ore which after calcination contains 40-60% Al2 O3 and 36.5-51% SiO2. A density of less than 3 is claimed for this product with a minimum permeability at 10,000 psi of 100,000 Millidarcies at ambient temperature.

high density ceramic of proppants made of sintered bauxite proppant creates a problem

It has been recognised that the high density ceramic of proppants made of sintered bauxite proppant creates a problem in the placement of the material. This arises from the fact that the fluid used to transport the proppant requires modification from that used to transport for example, resin coated silica sand because of the substantially greater tendency for particles of sintered bauxite to settle more rapidly from the suspension. This increases the cost of placing the proppant but an even greater cost penalty results from the higher density by comparison with that of silica sand. It will be immediately obvious that a proppant with density of 3.7, which is typical of sintered bauxite presently used, will require a greater mass of material to fill a fracture of given volume than proppant with density of 2.65.

Hydraulic fracturing is a well stimulation technique

Hydraulic fracturing is a well stimulation technique designed to increase the productivity of a well by creating highly conductive fractures or channels in the producing formation surrounding the well. The process normally involves injecting a fracturing fluid at a sufficient rate and pressure to rupture the formation thereby creating a crack or fracture in the rock, and thereafter placing a particulate material or propping agent in the formation to maintain the fracture walls open by resisting forces tending to close the fracture. The propping agent or proppant must have sufficient mechanical strength to bear the closure stresses, provide relatively high permeability in the propped fracture, and resist chemical attack by liquids or gasses in the formation.

Oil well fracturing proppant

Oil well Fracturing proppant is a ceramic particle product with high fracture strength, mainly used for oil well supported in order to increase oil and gas production, an environmentally friendly product. Oil well proppant of various raw materials using high bauxite, sintered ceramics, natural silica sand, glass beads, metal balls, low intensity proppant substitute for oil and gas production with good results.

Oil and gas deep mining, the high closure pressure low permeability deposits by fracturing treatment, the rock cracked hydrocarbon, oil and gas from the cracks formed in the channel pooling out. Well along with the use of ceramic proppant into the formation hyperbaric solution filling fissures in the rock, play a supporting fissure is closed not because of the role of stress release, thereby maintaining high conductivity, so that gas flow, increase production. Practice has proved that using oil well  frac proppant  fracturing wells can increase production by 30-50%, but also to extend the service life of oil and gas wells.

Oil well fracturing proppant their quality is different, the effect is not the same. Shale, flowers and other ultra-lightweight ceramic mainly used for decoration, concrete and other industries; dense, low broken rate ceramic mainly used in petroleum industry, as a Proppant used.

1  ceramic pressure into the ground to ground softened, reducing the formation pressure, help the oil to be pumped to the surface;

2  After the oil is pumped, leaving gap formation, ceramic leaving them as a filler, does not cause ground subsidence.

Shale gas development challenges

(A) the implementation of the resource base and heavy task. Potential of shale gas resources, but large-scale exploration and development,fracturing proppant yet to determine the favorable target area and the region recoverable resources, work difficult, large capital investment, the implementation of a long cycle.

(2) the key technology breakthroughs take time. ceramic ball Of shale gas development is still in its infancy, the key development of technology has not yet mastered, breakthroughs in key technologies still need to do a lot of work.

(3) large-scale, diversified investment mechanism has not yet formed. A larger initial investment shale gas development in the input-output efficiency under conditions of uncertainty,Ceramic proppant lack of investment scale will affect the rapid development of shale gas.

Performance oil fracturing proppant

The role of Oil fracturing proppant (Fracturing Proppant) that separates the two wall cracks and effective support , so that always cracks after fracturing can be effectively supported , thus eliminating most of the radial flow formation , formation fluids to linear flow way into the cracks. Usually require fracture permeability than the formation permeability several orders of magnitude . Understanding the type of proppant and closed in the state under stress , performance evaluation and Hydraulic Fracturing Proppants to support a variety of factors influence fracture conductivity is the correct choice and use of proppants foundation.

Hydraulic fracturing is oil and frac sand companies gas well

Hydraulic fracturing is oil and gas well production and injection Wells is an important technical measures of augmented injection, not only widely used in low permeability reservoirs, and in medium and high permeability reservoirs production stimulation and good results have been achieved. It is to use the ground high pressure pumps, absorptive capacity of the viscous fluid has considerably more than the bottom displacement in injection well, don't gas pressure at bottom hole, when the time pressure is greater than the wall near the ground stress and formation rock tensile strength, the cracks near the bottom bolt. Continue to inject with ceramic proppant manufacturers carrying fluid, crack extension forward and fill with ultra lightweight proppant, closed fracture closure on resin coated silica sand, thus formed in the near the bottom of the bottom has a certain geometry dimension and flow conductivity of sand filling cracks, make to increase attention of technological measures. The principle of hydraulic fracturing increase injection mainly reduced near the bottom hole formation fluid in the change of fluid seepage and seepage resistance of state, is the original radial flow change for reservoir and the one-way flow of approximation and cracks between the wellbore and one-way flow, eliminate the radial throttling losses, greatly reduces the energy consumption. Injection and oil gas well production or injection Wells will be greatly improved. If hydraulic fracture can unicom fracture reservoir of deep oil and gas layer and gas, the increase of the effect will be more obvious. In addition, the hydraulic fracturing team near the bottom of a well damage to remove oil and gas layer is jammed. 

Oil frac proppant during use

Oil frac proppant during use:
Fracturing fluids and additives are mixed together, and then is pumped into the formation. Formations will produce cracks at the same time, and then the inside for oil fracturing proppant.
Oil fracturing proppant maintained after reflow cracks. Therefore, fracturing proppant must be strong enough to withstand the pressure of the corresponding closure, the cost ratio is: pumping liquid oil fracturing proppant 25%, 46%, 19%, 10% of acid fracturing chemicals materials.
Oil fracturing proppant fracturing is usually acidic and Hydraulic fracturing using:
(1) acid fracturing fluid pressure energy splitting rock fracturing fluid and oil fracturing proppant fractures, allowing gas flow.
(2) hydraulic fracturing we inject a high-viscosity fluid (liquid fracturing fluid and additives) into the well, a faster rate than the soil adsorption, which causes pressure around the crack formation and created at the bottom (commonly1-3 mm), and then injected into the cracks of oil fracturing proppant with proppant.

Oil fracturing proppant fracturing used in oil and gas sectors

The rapid development of the oil industry, and has been closely linked with the global macro-economic status. There are many companies rely on the oil, always concerned with the dynamics of oil, because oil is also a trend for the stock has a great influence. Oil as the world's most important raw materials, has become a speculative business goals. It can be seen, the oil's position in the global economy is important. While Oil fracturing proppant products as essential oil in auxiliary materials, has been widely used in many domestic and international oil exploration base.

Oil frac proppant is home to oil and gas well fracturing process is very important aspects. It fracturing process to increase oil and gas production rate and recovery.

Such cracks can prevent Proppant fast closing, maintaining hydraulic fractures propped high conductive medium to create an open and allow increased fracture flow capacity. The hydraulic fracturing proppant and chemical characteristics,  which greatly affect its efficiency. In the more suitable location, good proppant can make the oil industry has a good production and profitability, and for this reason, it is imperative to use the proper use of the product.