Hydraulic fracturing technology shale gas utilizes proppant high-pressure pump ground water and other chemicals mixed to form a fracturing fluid into the ground shale, shale after being fractured, releasing oil and gas contained therein. In recent years, the breakthrough of the technology and widespread use, promote a substantial increase in shale oil and gas production frac proppant the United States, but also caused American society concerns about the technology that may contaminate nearby drinking water wells shale oil and gas resources.
In 2009, the US Congress should request, EPA began the study, investigate all aspects of the hydraulic fracturing with water-related, including access to water, the drilling site was added chemicals injected underground fracturing fluid pressure wastewater treatment and discharge after the split is completed.

Type of proppant
Fracturing proppant can be broadly divided into natural and artificial two categories. The former, represented by quartz sand, the latter is often referred to as  Ceramic proppant .
Oil production in the market currently widely different prices using five standard proppant which are natural quartz sand, synthetic aluminum silicate moderate density proppant (ceramic sand),ceramic proppant synthetic high-density alumina moderate and silicate Proppant , high strength and high strength bauxite proppant zirconium silicate, and applying a curable coating and pre-cured resin coated proppant natural or artificial sand. They are in the oil and gas production in each plays a different role.
Artificial development and role of proppant
In the late 1970s, the United States developed sintered bauxite (ceramic) and smelting zirconia support agent. High-intensity artificial invention of synthetic materials in water conservancy proppant fracturing technology development to achieve a decisive breakthrough,bauxite proppant this synthetic material with a low intensity sand significantly different, resistant up to 69 ~ 103MPa (10000 ~ 15000psi) the closing pressure. Therefore, the development of modern fracturing fluid with high-performance, high-pressure deep wells for the fracturing has opened up new avenues. In 1976 the first sand court in the United States has been applied. And because the amazing fracturing effect promoted the rapid development of deep fracturing. As sintered bauxite proppant and fused zirconia particle size distribution with a round ball high, acid-resistant and strong, high compressive strength up to 139MPa (20000psi) closed under pressure is still the best guide streaming capability.
In the late 1970s and early 1980s there are two kinds of artificial ceramic proppant introduced into the market, they are mullite and mullite and corundum mixture, but also medium-density and high-density material, respectively resistant pressures up China proppant to 55MPa (8000psi) and 69 MPa (10000psi) the closing pressure. Both moderate strength  Proppant  rom the density, conductivity, resistance to closure pressure and price, fill the low-intensity and high intensity natural quartz sand fused zirconia sintered bauxite, and the gap between. Both have relatively low density proppant in the construction of suspension and transmission performance, by the sand-carrying fluid filling the crack does not occur when precipitation. Thus expanding the economic and technical fields of application.

Oil fracturing proppant is a ceramic granular oil fracturing proppant product with high fracture strength, mainly used for oil well supported, to increase production of oil and gas, an environmentally friendly product. This product is the use of high-quality bauxite, coal and other raw materials, sintered ceramic, is a substitute for natural quartz sand, glass beads, metal balls and other low-strength proppants to increase oil and gas has a positive effect. When oil and gas exploration in deep, high pressure low permeability deposit closure after fracturing treatment, the hydrocarbon-bearing formation split, passage of oil and gas from the cracks formed in the collection out. Accompanying support material with high aluminum high-pressure solution is filled into the formation in rock fissures, cracks do not play a supporting closed due to stress release effect, thereby maintaining high conductivity, so that oil and gas flow,
Increase production. Practice has proved that the use of high-alumina proppant fracturing wells can increase production by 30-50%, but also to extend the service life of oil and gas wells, oil and gas wells in low permeability mining: key materials during construction. Products used in deep fracturing, it will be filled into the formation of deposits in low permeability fractured, high closed fracture treatment, the hydrocarbon-bearing formation split, play a supporting fissure is closed not because of stress release, thereby maintaining oil and gas high conductivity, not only to increase oil and gas production, and can extend the service life of oil and gas wells. My company's own development and production of 52MPa, 69MPa, 86MPa low, medium and high strength ceramic proppant, is a high-tech products. Henan unique advantage of high-quality bauxite raw material, through a unique grinding, pelleting and high temperature sintering, high temperature, high pressure, high strength, high conductivity, and corrosion resistance and other hydraulic fracturing proppant characteristics, is the exploitation of oil and natural gas fracturing indispensable good helper. Products by the China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Langfang Branch support evaluation laboratory testing, the performance indicators fully meet SY / T5108 / 2006 standards, the current leader in the domestic level, the company's products after the United States STIM-LAB laboratory test results complete accord APl standards, has reached the international advanced level.

At present, the domestic hydraulic fracturing proppant use of fracturing ceramic, quartz sand, but their strength is relatively low, only for the exploitation of shallow wells. If these proppant for deep, it is difficult to bear enormous rock pressure, it will cause a lot of fragmentation, not only can not make the oil yield but preventing oil outflow. The current domestic proppant for deep wells will need to be imported from abroad, domestic production can not. Which virtually increases the cost of production, so the domestic eager to produce its own high-strength proppant Hydraulic Fracturing Proppants fracturing of oil for deep mining field. In this experiment, bauxite, kaolin burned as the main raw material, auxiliary materials, iron oxide, burnt dolomite, manganese, made under laboratory conditions of high strength proppant fracturing of oil.

frac proppant

Proppant is a ceramic granular frac proppant product with high fracture strength, mainly used in oil well supported, to increase production of oil and gas, an environmentally friendly product. This product is the use of high-quality bauxite and other raw materials, sintered ceramic, is a substitute for natural quartz sand, glass beads, metal balls and other low-strength proppants to increase oil and gas has a positive effect. When oil and gas exploration in deep, high pressure low permeability deposit closure after fracturing treatment, the hydrocarbon-bearing formation split, passage of oil and gas from the cracks formed in the collection out. Ceramic proppant material along with high-pressure solution is filled into the formation in rock fissures, cracks do not play a supporting closed due to stress release effect, thereby maintaining high conductivity, so that proppant oil and gas flow, increase production. Practice has proved that the use of ceramic proppant fracturing wells can increase production by 30-50%, but also to extend the service life of oil and gas wells.