Currently, there are three main types of proppants

Currently, there are three main types of proppants: frac sand, resin coated proppant (RCP), and ceramic proppants. Each proppant type has its own advantages and disadvantages, and reservoir engineers decide on the type to be used depending on geology, availability, prices, and Government regulations.
In 1947, first fracturing was done with fracturing resin coated silica sand. Fracturing sand is the basic type of proppant material and is being used since the first fracturing. The R&D on proppant resulted in two comparatively new proppants named resin coated proppants and ceramic proppants. Frac sand is low price untreated sand proppant with lowest conductivity among the three. Ceramic proppants and resin coated proppants are high quality, high strength, and high conductivity proppants; and are used in very low permeability wells or in multiple stages fracturing. Non-grain proppants like CO2, N2, and LPG are on the horizon but will take long time to get commercialized.

Hydraulic fracking is propagation of fractures through layers of rock using pressurized fracturing fluid.

Hydraulic fracking is propagation of fractures through layers of rock using pressurized fracturing fluid. This technique is primarily used in the extraction of resources from low permeability reservoirs such as shale gas, tight gas, and unconventional liquids; which are difficult to recover through regular drilling procedures.
In this process fracturing fluid is used. It consists of water, proppant, chemical additives, and guar gum. Proppant is the most integral constituent of the fracturing fluid after water. Proppant material keeps the generated fractures propped open and helps continued oil and gas recovery.

Post treatment proppant flowback is a leading cause of well production decline

Post treatment proppant flowback is a leading cause of well production decline, equipment damage, and well shut-ins for repairs. Proppant flowback can also cause loss of near wellbore conductivity and reduced connectivity to the reservoir.
Maide Ceramics curable resin coated proppant eliminate proppant flowback by forming a consolidated proppant pack in the fracture. This grain-to-grain bonding occurs under a combination of reservoir temperature and closure stress. This Stress Bond technology leads to increased proppant pack integrity and well production compared to uncoated and precured resin coated proppants.

Fracturing fluid technology is an important means to transform oil and gas fields

Fracturing fluid technology is an important means to transform oil and gas fields , it is the use of artificial methods of fluid injected into the rock of the grass-roots level to exceed the strength of the formation fracture pressure , so that cracks around the wellbore rock layers , forming a channel with high conductivity . In order to maintain open after fracturing the formation of cracks , oil and gas products through smoothly , injecting particulate proppant is one of the important measures.
Fracturing technology for worldwide oil production plays a very important role, but oil is a key oil fracturing proppant fracturing technology can be successful . High quality proppant can play an important role for the exploitation of crude oil. Oil fracturing proppant , is to keep the fractured rock formations deep split state support , particle size 0.2-0.9 mm, there is a certain roundness and sphericity . During use , the proppant hydraulic fracturing fluid mixing , using coercion injected deep cracks in the rock strata support to improve the conductivity of oil , increased crude oil production .

Kind of oil well fracking

Kind of oil well fracking

(1) hydraulic fracking, mainly by changing the state of the fluid flow, reduce energy consumption and reduce the formation of fluid flow near the lower resistance to complete. So that it can inject the proppant to achieve the diversion effect, so that the oil production.

(2) high energy gas fracturing, boosted by rapid cracks, such cracks are not easily closed during the generation of cracks naturally there will be some debris off, these chips will be self-supporting from the cracks. Meanwhile, in a high temperature wax soluble pores, resin and asphaltene, high temperature can make crude oil viscosity reduction.

(3) acid fracturing ,it is the acid as a fracturing fluid without proppant fracturing.

Oil fracturing proppant selection mainly includes the type, size and concentration.

Oil fracturing proppant selection mainly includes the type, size and concentration. Select oil fracturing proppant and the pressure of the rock formations, environmental Maide proppant conductivity and yield requirements are closely linked. Should first consider when selecting Coal seam gas proppant nature and fracture flow capacity under certain geological, engineering conditions, combined with specific geological conditions (such as closure pressure, rock hardness, temperature, target layer properties) selected to meet the engineering conditions (fracturing fluid nature of pumping equipment), and can get a good yield results proppant. Second, you must also consider the economic benefits due to proppant variety, quality and origin conditions differences, there are differences proppant costs must be considered cost-effective, combining economics to analyze the preferred fracturing proppant

proppant are extremely useful to keep open fractures imposed by hydraulic fracking of a subterranean formation

In general, proppant are extremely useful to keep open fractures imposed by hydraulic fracking of a subterranean formation, e.g., an oil or gas bearing strata. Typically, the fracturing is desired in the subterranean formation to, increase oil or gas production. As noted above, fracturing is caused by injecting a viscous fracturing fluid, foam, or other suitable fluid at high pressure into the well to form fractures. As the fracture is formed, a particulate material, referred to as a “propping agent” or “proppant” is placed in the formation to maintain the fracture in a propped condition when the injection pressure is released. As the fracture forms, the hsp proppant are carried into the well by suspending them in additional fluid or foam to fill the fracture with a slurry of proppant in the fluid or foam. Upon release of the pressure, the proppants form a “pack” which serves to hold open the fractures. The goal of using proppants is to increase production of oil and/or gas by providing a highly conductive channel in the formation. Choosing the correct proppant, therefore, is critical to the success of well stimulation.