Introduction to hydraulic fracturing

Hydraulic fracturing is a broad prospect for oil and gas well stimulation , hydraulic fracturing method is the main form of exploitation of natural gas , requiring the incorporation of chemical substances with plenty of water poured into the hydraulically fracture shale to release natural gas. The technology in 10 years in the United States to promote a wide range , but the Americans are worried that the technology will pollute the water , thus threatening the local ecological environment and the health of residents . And that the technology to bring great harm to the environment , including water so spontaneous combustion , causing a small earthquake. Opponents point out the potential environmental impacts, including contamination of groundwater , freshwater depletion, air quality risks , gases and  maide hydraulic fracturing benifits chemicals to migrate to the surface , the surface leakage and backflow contamination , as well as the impact of these issues on health.Principle: Hydraulic fracturing is the use of ground pressure pump , squeeze with higher viscosity fracturing fluid to the reservoir through the wellbore . When maide hydraulic fracturing proppant fluid injection rate exceeds the absorption capacity of the reservoir , a high pressure is formed in the bottom reservoir, when such pressure exceeds the fracture pressure near the bottom of the reservoir rock , and oil will be pressed open cracks . At this time, continue to keep the oil squeeze fracturing fluid reservoir internal cracks will continue to expand . In order to maintain pressure to open cracks in the open state , then squeeze the oil sand-carrying fluid with proppant ( usually quartz sand ) , followed by sand-carrying fluid into the cracks , one can make the cracks continue to extend forward , on the other hand can support the opening pressure has cracks Without limiting closed . Followed by injection of fluid replacement , the wellbore fluid carrying sand into the cracks of all replacement with quartz sand to prop up the cracks . Finally , the high viscosity fracturing fluid injected degradation automatically discharged outside the borehole , leaving the one or more reservoir length , width , height ranging from cracks that establish a new path between the fluid reservoir and the wellbore . After fracturing, production of oil and gas wells are generally substantial growth.