Production of ceramic proppant should note the following seven elements

In this paper, the main raw material level bauxite, dolomite, boric acid, bentonite, precipitated barium sulfate as a secondary raw material to manufacture Ceramic proppants, investigated the effect of addition of various raw materials for proppant performance. The results show that the ratio of raw materials through the rational design of improved granulation process and select the appropriate firing temperature can develop excellent performance ceramic proppant. After industrial production practice, confirmed that the design of the production process is feasible. Study the following conclusions:
(1) According to the Al203-Si02 binary phase diagram, select the level of bauxite-based raw material, adding a certain amount of auxiliary materials can produce excellent performance of ceramic proppant, the process parameters are affordable range of company equipment within;
(2) silica powder because small particles can be effectively filled in the gaps between the bauxite and other fines, in the firing process, due to their activity, is conducive to reduce the sintering temperature, while an appropriate amount of silicon powder also help to improve performance;
(3) is introduced in the form of barium sulfate, barium oxide, barium carbonate and the effect of the introduction of barium oxide can be increased as the strength of the proppant. When the amount of barium sulfate 超过 5 lnj weak s%, the intensity decreases sharply, so the amount should not exceed 5 m weak s%;
(4) Add 2 mass% of dolomite, can effectively reduce the acid solubility, but also can reduce the sintering temperature, play to save energy, reduce the cost of action. Bentonite is introduced to increase the strength of semi-finished products, reducing the ash off phenomenon during storage and transportation process, you can drop ring formation is only the chance to improve the pass rate;
(5) By comparing the various methods on Oil fracturing proppant granulation performance, designed a new granulation process. First, the new technology is the traditional spray drying equipment to do the following improvements:
I) will be expanded to the hole diameter piece 2.5-2,8 mm:
II) The non-porous flat plate to 2.8-3.0 mm perforated cover:
The improved slurry discharged after reducing the shear rate to give a smaller spray angle and increase the droplet diameter, to obtain a better particle. By controlling the water content in the slurry, while optimizing the spray drying parameters, can greatly improve the appearance and quality of the particles, not only a uniform particle size, but also eliminates the center due to the rapid evaporation of water vapor generated enormous pressure to form a fracture surface of the particles cavity; good sphericity particles, greater density (1.2-1.3g, cI113). But still relatively rough surface of the particles, but also close enough, on this basis, select the sugar coating machine treatment processes and achieved good results;
(6) the density and particle size of the raw material have a certain impact on the performance of the proppant, especially some larger particle size effects. Raw material particle size of 0.004 mm obtained proppant strength higher than the particle size of 0,01 mm of 80--90%, the particle the higher the density the greater the strength;
(7) the firing control Proppants for hydraulic fracturing an important part of the final performance, in order to prevent burning and burnt due to the occurrence, the firing temperature must be strictly controlled. In this study, the ratio of the material, the optimum firing temperature of 1360 ± 5 ℃, so that one can guarantee the quality of products, on the other hand can greatly improve the pass rate.