What oil fracturing proppant specifications

A, Product Name: sintered bauxite proppant
B, Appearance: 0.45 to 0.90 mm in diameter , spherical
C, mineral composition : corundum , mullite , aluminum titanate , small amounts of other mineral phase and part of the glass phase.
D, the chemical composition : A12O3-30 ~ 70, SIO2 --- 40 ~ 60% , and small amounts of other oxides .
E, Uses : This product is a low permeability oil and gas exploration fracturing special materials , low-permeability oil and gas fields after using ceramic proppant fracturing its oil and gas production can generally be increased several times to several times , is the low permeability oil and gas fields at home and abroad increase the basic measures . The vast majority of medium depth oil and gas fields and low permeability majority, should choose medium density proppant fracturing operations. Therefore, the quality of the sintered density proppant full of great significance for promoting the exploitation of oil and gas output and resources.
G, Product Category:
A, is divided into three categories according to particle size , a category of 1.25 to 0.9 mm in diameter , with a Class A category and a diameter of 0.9 to 0.45 mm 0.45 to 0.225 mm of .
B, by volume, density and resistance to crushing capacity is divided into low-density , medium density , high density three types, namely its anti- closure pressure 52Mpa, 69Mpa, 86Mpa and 103Mpa. That 7500Psi, 10000Psi, 12500Psi and 15000Psi ( pounds / square inch ) .
H, product quality evaluation criteria : the oil and gas industry standards by the People's Republic SY/T5108---1977, hydraulic fracturing performance tests recommended method ....

Use of ceramic proppant

Cement dispersant liquid component also . Cement dispersing agent can formliquid droplets dispersed in a carrier fluid , a mixture of suitable dispersing agents and furfural diethyl phthalate . As the sand is not homogeneous , so the cement maide resin coated proppant will be more along the high permeability layer into the sand , the impact of sand effect. In order to make uniform injection of cement in the cement injection prior to the first injection period of dispersants. Since the dispersant can reduce the permeability of the high permeability layer , the permeability of the sand layer around the flare , so that the cement can be more uniformly dispersed into the sand . To improve the effectiveness of sand should be noted that the use of dispersants . Displacement fluid injection (by hole liquid ) , so that formation sand coated with resin material. Because of the sand from the cementation is glued to the cement at the point of contact of sand cement , sand in the gap caused by the excess cement after curing sand clogging of the reduced permeability of cement sand , so use the drive liquid cement for the extra fluid replacement to the depths of the maide ceramic proppants formation. Binders such as cement when polar , you can use kerosene, diesel doing additional hole fluid. Consolidation of the resin , to form a subterranean formation permeability , the resin can be achieved by heating and curing in contact with the catalyst . The catalyst can be injected into the formation together with the liquid cement ( catalyzed method) can be filled with the cement , and then into the catalyst ( catalytic outside ) . When using the catalytic method is worth noting: Only cementation fluid injected into the formation , the resin curing reaction can occur . The best way is outside the catalytic catalytic method. Epoxy resin , suitable catalysts include amines, acid anhydrides catalyst for phenolic resins, urea -formaldehyde resin , furfuryl alcohol resin , the inorganic acids, organic acids and the acid are relatively good external chemical catalyst.

Petroleum proppant

Called oil fracturing proppant , along with a high-pressure solution proppant into the formation maide oil fracturing proppant filling in cracks in the rock , play a supporting fissures not because of stress release and closed , thereby maintaining high conductivity , so that the oil and gas flow, increase production. Also known as petroleum oil proppant fracturing proppant . After deep mining in the oil and gas , high pressure low permeability deposit after closing fracturing treatment, the rock cracked petroleum , oil and gas from the cracks in the channel formed by the collection of out of the fluid injected into the rock at this grassroots needs to exceed formation fracture compressive strength , making the rock around the wellbore cracks , forming a high-level flow channel has the ability , in order to maide fracturing proppants maintain after fracturing the formation of cracks in the open , the oil and gas product can smoothly pass. Along with a high-pressure solution proppant into the formation filling in cracks in the rock , not because of stress fractures play a supporting release of closed , thereby maintaining high conductivity , so that the oil and gas flow, increase production.

Pre-coated resin sand

I.e., the catalyst was added to the resin formulation, or after replacement of the outer liquid mortar curing agents, to promote pre-coated gravel stratum at low temperature curing to achieve the Maide Ceramics purpose of the formation of solid rubber, and high temperature coating includes two types of sand. The former is used well temperature 60 ℃ wells, which is used to steam injection thermal recovery wells (steam injection temperature 300 ~ 350 ℃). In recent years, with the progress of technology has developed a low-temperature coated sand (for oil temperature 30 ~ 50 ℃).
(1) at room temperature coated sand: its resin formulations are: quartz sand: Epoxy resin: acetone: coupling = 100:5:5.5:0.2 (mass fraction).
(2) high temperature coated sand: sand control mechanism which is used to heat the pre-coating of gravel sand sand-carrying ceramic ball fluid at a certain ratio, the column is pumped through underground construction, and forced to squeeze into the outer casing surrounding formations in the well bottom temperature or curing a specific external conditions, the formation of an artificial wall with a certain intensity, but also has a high permeability thereby preventing the formation of sand.

Cementing casing ten dozen grade Fracturing

This is the most commonly shale formations way ( see Figure ^ ) ) . When completions , the first of the horizontal wellbore casing cementing , and implementation of the " bridge plug ten perforation " multi -stage fracturing , which achieved mechanical packer inside the casing through the cable coiled tubing packer or bridge plug proppants for hydraulic fracturing  by solid well realize annulus mechanical steering . This process is then repeated to complete the multi-stage fracturing in horizontal section . When all the small pieces to be dealt with, in addition to the use of coiled tubing drilling composite bridge plug so that the horizontal wellbore re- connected from the heel to the end and put into production. Although this approach can achieve the level of sub- section steering transformation, but at every level have to use coiled tubing , perforating guns and fracturing equipment for proppant suppliers operations, production costs are very high, and low operating efficiency , time-consuming . Studies have shown that the yield obtained using this method is also not ideal, because cementing will block many natural cracks and joints , and these cracks and joints are very important for improving gas production.

unconventional gas completions

Barnett Shale is the first to be successfully developed in the U.S. shale gas reservoirs is currently the most productive U.S. shale gas field , has become the United States and even other global shale gas field development model. Barnett Shale development using vertical wells early development, but the production is not ideal , after the year 2000 , steering horizontal wells , production has been 3-5 times improved. proppant manufacturers, the U.S. shale gas [ 2 ] , almost all new wells using horizontal wells , depth is usually between 1,200 to 2,500 cubic meters, and the use of long radius of curvature < 10. ~ 157300 > whipstock , measures to facilitate the transformation of late . Generally horizontal section length between 600 to 15,000 , with advances in horizontal well technology operations , the latest horizontal length of more than 30,000 . Most shale wells 611 83 towel horizontal section ends slightly resin coated silica sand heel than 15 ^ 450 > , flowback water and produced water after the birth when it is a good fracturing

Shale gas revolution "will affect the fracturing proppant

Recently the United States took the lead on the mining of new energy technology, Japanese media said it was "shale gas revolution", could you tell me the revolution in the field of energy will ceramic proppant the geopolitical? Beijing reader: comrade li jie li jie: hello! Shale gas is a kind of unconventional natural gas, a vast global shale gas resource distribution and huge reserves. The United States using high and new technology take the lead in a lot of exploitation of shale gas, opened the prelude of "shale gas revolution". The energy structure is undergoing major ceramic proppant manufacturers, increasing energy self-sufficiency. By the United States of the shale gas revolution is sweeping through more and more countries, the world's energy supply and demand will be significant changes in energy prices have a significant impact. Japanese finance Business Weekly said: "shale gas as a" rich energy reserves, is seen as air pollution and global warming star of hope. In tepco fukushima accident "go nuclear" calls, shale gas may be related to the natural energy complement each other, bring about a revolution to change the world energy structure. The U.S. energy information administration estimates that the United States has 860 trillion cubic feet of technically recoverable shale gas resources, including "proven reserves" is 273 trillion cubic feet.