By ceramic shape classification

Ceramic according to shape into gravel-type ceramic, spherical and cylindrical ceramic ceramic.
(1) gravel-shaped ceramic
Gravel-type ceramic Hydraulic Fracturing Proppants use natural mineral production, the first stone grinding, roasting, and then sifting; also available in natural and artificial light materials such as pumice, scoria, cinder, coal and other natural or calcined directly broken screen points derived.
(2) spherical ceramic
Spherical ceramic fracturing proppants is the use of the disc pelletizer. First raw flour, then add water pelletized into balls and then baking or curing together. At present, China's ceramic Most of this variety.
(3) a cylindrical ceramic
Cylindrical ceramic commonly used plastic extrusion. First made of mud, and then cut into a cylindrical shape. This ceramic is suitable for high plasticity clay like material, the yield is relatively low. If using a cylindrical blank brick back firing in the kiln cylinder roll into an oval shape.

Technical construction of oil proppant production safety and quality requirements

Petroleum proppant for clothes, skin corrosion strong, with liquid, must pay attention to safety during construction.
(1) pay attention to the preparation of oil proppant Wear PPE, bold but cautious, there is someone in charge of directing with liquid and well in advance of each lotion, once splashed acid in the body, the face you want to rinse with water, heavy timely sent to hospital for treatment.
(2) with a good oil proppant placed after the ferry to check the acid tanker valves, liquid inlet lid is on tight, can not have drip, drain phenomenon. Vehicle shall be marked with the danger mark at the wellsite shipped cracks pay attention to safety.
(3) the construction team on well after construction should be carefully checked before the wellhead valves are complete, whether the screws tightened to the construction until after passing the wellhead. Firstly wellhead natural gas fracking test the pipeline construction, leak-free mayonnaise, the only sour note to the well.
(4) When a large amount of acid, when a new well acidizing process to prepare the production command vehicle, ambulance wells.
(5) in strict accordance with the design and construction. The quality of acidizing is directly related to the post-acid effect. Therefore, we must ensure construction quality.
① conduct tests, before acidizing, a clear division of labor, unified command: Non-staff shall enter the high-fracking process zone.
② strict accordance with design requirements, acidizing.
③ guarantee the construction of the oil leak proppant not AIDS, given the amount of fluid play enough design.
④ for matrix acidizing pump pressure must not exceed the fracture pressure, ready to observe the construction of pump pressure, ranked the most changes.
⑤ take full, take prospective construction pressure, displacement, construction time, etc., well carefully recorded.
Late Management (four) Construction
After acidizing oil and gas wells, bad management, construction related to the effect of acidification. After acidizing wells shut as designed after timely open wells. If self-spray nozzle is installed drainage capacity requirements; generally when dropped O.1% residual acid concentrations, flowing well stop production of crude oil, non-flowing well from a string acidified turn pump pumping into production. Not since the spray is necessary and timely rehearsal is the key to prevent secondary precipitation acidification success. Oil and gas wells in the production process should be carefully recorded oil, casing fracturing fluid , daily production of oil and gas and other data, such as the timing of the measured fluid level wells. With drainage conditions on injection wells after acidizing according to design requirements to drain residual acid, restore water when the residual acid dropped when OI%; do not have drainage conditions, timely recovery water injection wells, the residual acid formation squeeze Deep. Carefully recorded during the injection pump fracturing proppant , casing pressure, oil fracturing sand , water injection daily, injected water quality data, timing measurements indicate absorption curve, the injection profile and so on.After acidification with a note for a smooth construction by water injection rate can not be too large, otherwise easily lead to the formation velocity sensitivity, acidification effect: To inject water quality water quality standard character sets, this plug formation injection wells, acidified to fail.

Natural gas fracturing transformation project success

Research high temperature fracturing fluid system for high temperature, low permeability reservoir damage sensitivity by low damage, low residue carboxymethyl guar gum study, the formation of high temperature and pressure applied to Jilin Oilfield low permeability tight gas reservoirs of low pressure damage fracturing fluid system, heat index reached 180 degrees, effectively reducing the fracturing fluid injury rate for natural gas wells effective development has provided a guarantee; the second is to carry out research to reduce the system pressure fracturing technology for deeply buried reservoirs, high stresses characteristics, by fracturing string optimization, reducing friction fracturing fluid technology bauxite proppant research, forming a lower fracturing fracturing system supporting technology, to provide technical support for the high-pressure fracturing wells, construction of pump fracturing equipment to improve efficiency, reduce fracturing difficulty; third, to conduct wear thin interbedded sandstone and mudstone layer fracturing technology for over sand mudstone, by building a reservoir model for reservoir analysis, optimization fracturing parameters, forming a thin interbedded wear layer fracturing technology, effectively increasing the use of a single well surrounding reserves; four is to carry out a large-scale study of fracturing technology for low permeability fractured ceramic ball tight gas reservoirs massive demand, by fracturing wellbore integrity analysis, ground systems for liquid build, remote control and command system decision supporting the formation of large-scale fracturing technology to provide effective technical support to improve the well production, increase single well controlled reserves. To provide effective technical support for the effective increase well production, increase single well controlled reserves.

High strength proppant fracturing of oil

With the rapid development of the world oil industry, oil and gas extraction is gradually increasing difficulty, the depth of oil and gas wells deeper, low permeability deposits more and more domestic and foreign high-strength proppant products The demand is also growing. Most domestic manufacturers only produce medium and low intensity of the product, and inconsistent quality, only a small number of enterprises in Guizhou and Jiangsu capable of producing small amounts of high-strength products (less than 12,000 tons), and low product technical performance, the main reflected in the long-term diversion permeability and the ability to quickly decay under high pressure, it is difficult to meet the needs of deep oil and gas exploration.
Our products are mainly dependent on imports of high-strength, global demand for high-strength high crush proppants of over 600,000 tons. Currently, the international market in the production of high strength bauxite proppant fracturing leading level in the United States CARBO company, its products under the crushing rate ≤5% in 69Mpa pressure, and quality of our products has been able to reach ≤5%, its at the same level Under pressure 86Mpa broken rate ≤9%, the technical level of the leading domestic, close to the international advanced level.
US China Ceramic Proppant LTD is engaged in a global proppant conductivity sales of the company, after years of development, has mastered mature production technology and processes, and has developed a low-density, high-strength technology and oil fracturing proppant suppliers production process. To further occupation of foreign markets, the company's investment environment through Guizhou Province conducted an investigation, in June 2005 in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province Xiuwen County was established in pottery proppant (Guizhou) Co., Ltd., for high strength proppant fracturing of oil investment product development and production.
Ceramic china proppant in (Guizhou) Limited a total investment of 13.12 million yuan project, the establishment of an annual output of 20,000 tons of oil proppant production lines and expanding product size, development of new products, the company's products, technology and services in the domestic oil support advanced level agents processing industry, as domestic oil ceramic proppant manufacturers enterprises. After the project is put into operation, the annual sales income of 42.9 million yuan is expected to total annual average profit of 15.093 million yuan, the annual average 8.301 million yuan turned over to state taxes. After the implementation of this project, can replace imported products, save a lot of foreign exchange for the country. At the same time as the product not only of good quality, to more advanced international level, but the origin has a wealth of resources, low production cost, highly competitive in the international market. Project advantages mainly in the following aspects:
1,the main producing areas of Guizhou bauxite, convenient source of raw materials, with the world's other manufacturers can not match advantage;
2,the parent company of the project implementation unit of the United States --- China Ceramic Proppant LTD engaged in the sale of oil proppant, has acquired a large number of foreign customers, the first batch of products exported by the company to complete, 70% of the domestic exports carried out by the company;
3,due to the optimization of the formulation and process path, capital investment in the equipment a lot lower than peers, while significantly reducing the consumption of raw materials, compared with other domestic and foreign manufacturers have a large production cost advantage;
4.Petroleum frac proppant products currently in its infancy in the country, and foreign company's product sales price is too high, the country's high-production costs, inconsistent quality, so the company's products have broad market potential and strong market competitiveness;
5,corporate team only has better technical development capabilities, but also has abundant experience in corporate management. By US China Ceramic Proppant LTD provides strong backing for the company's development. Meanwhile, the corporate team has long experience in foreign trade of petroleum ceramic proppant products, with abundant resources and stable trade customers, compared to other domestic manufacturers have obvious advantages in terms of sales channels.

Experiments oil fracturing proppant

According to the new city Jinbi Refractories Co. http://www.jinbinaicai.com understand,
Proppant conductivity experiments on long-term precision equipment and laboratory staff require a higher level of technology, such as proppant testing Langfang Branch Laboratory in 1995 first in the country to carry out development work flow API linear conductivity proppant long-term experimental device On the basis of preliminary experiments in 2005 Langfang Branch continued transformation of the original equipment in automatic load control, test liquid provision of micro-pressure measurement system has been a major adjustment, based on the use of domestic equipment existing conditions, reduce instrument manufacturing costs, saving a lot of foreign exchange. The manufacturing cost of self-developed test system is only about 1/8 of the import system.
The system is tested by the long-term diversion capacity of medium density ceramic ultra lightweight proppant achieved satisfactory results prove the long-term domestic proppant conductivity test equipment complies with the test requirements because of the zero displacement issues handled properly, domestic long proppant suppliers Test results diversion capacity of the equipment has successfully developed a higher long-term credibility of domestic diversion capacity of the equipment for our further investment in low permeability oil and gas field development an important issue, the old oilfields refracturing provide strong technical support.

Concerning oil proppant

Oil fracturing high crush proppants (ceramic sand) is a ceramic granular product with high fracture strength, mainly for the oil well supported, to increase production of oil and natural gas, an environmentally friendly product. 

This product is the use of high-quality bauxite, coal and other raw materials, sintered ceramic, is a substitute for natural quartz sand, glass beads, metal balls and other low-strength fracturing proppant, to increase production of oil and gas has a positive effect. 

When oil and gas exploration in deep, high pressure low permeability Deposits closed after fracturing treatment, the rock cracked hydrocarbon, oil and gas from the channel formed by the collection out of the cracks. Along with a high-pressure high-alumina support material solution into the formation filling in cracks in the rock, do not play a supporting crack closure due to stress release effect, thereby maintaining high conductivity, so that oil and gas flow, increase production. Practice has proved that the use of high-alumina proppant fracturing wells can increase production by 30-50%, but also to extend the service life of oil and gas wells, a key material in the oil and gas wells in low permeability oil and gas exploration and construction. Products used in deep fracturing, it will be filled to the low permeability fractured rock deposits in high closed fracture treatment, the hydrocarbon rock split, play a supporting fissures not because of stress release and closed, thereby maintaining the oil and gas high flow capacity, not only to increase oil and gas production, and can extend the service life of oil and gas wells.

Production of ceramic proppant should note the following seven elements

In this paper, the main raw material level bauxite, dolomite, boric acid, bentonite, precipitated barium sulfate as a secondary raw material to manufacture Ceramic proppants, investigated the effect of addition of various raw materials for proppant performance. The results show that the ratio of raw materials through the rational design of improved granulation process and select the appropriate firing temperature can develop excellent performance ceramic proppant. After industrial production practice, confirmed that the design of the production process is feasible. Study the following conclusions:
(1) According to the Al203-Si02 binary phase diagram, select the level of bauxite-based raw material, adding a certain amount of auxiliary materials can produce excellent performance of ceramic proppant, the process parameters are affordable range of company equipment within;
(2) silica powder because small particles can be effectively filled in the gaps between the bauxite and other fines, in the firing process, due to their activity, is conducive to reduce the sintering temperature, while an appropriate amount of silicon powder also help to improve performance;
(3) is introduced in the form of barium sulfate, barium oxide, barium carbonate and the effect of the introduction of barium oxide can be increased as the strength of the proppant. When the amount of barium sulfate 超过 5 lnj weak s%, the intensity decreases sharply, so the amount should not exceed 5 m weak s%;
(4) Add 2 mass% of dolomite, can effectively reduce the acid solubility, but also can reduce the sintering temperature, play to save energy, reduce the cost of action. Bentonite is introduced to increase the strength of semi-finished products, reducing the ash off phenomenon during storage and transportation process, you can drop ring formation is only the chance to improve the pass rate;
(5) By comparing the various methods on Oil fracturing proppant granulation performance, designed a new granulation process. First, the new technology is the traditional spray drying equipment to do the following improvements:
I) will be expanded to the hole diameter piece 2.5-2,8 mm:
II) The non-porous flat plate to 2.8-3.0 mm perforated cover:
The improved slurry discharged after reducing the shear rate to give a smaller spray angle and increase the droplet diameter, to obtain a better particle. By controlling the water content in the slurry, while optimizing the spray drying parameters, can greatly improve the appearance and quality of the particles, not only a uniform particle size, but also eliminates the center due to the rapid evaporation of water vapor generated enormous pressure to form a fracture surface of the particles cavity; good sphericity particles, greater density (1.2-1.3g, cI113). But still relatively rough surface of the particles, but also close enough, on this basis, select the sugar coating machine treatment processes and achieved good results;
(6) the density and particle size of the raw material have a certain impact on the performance of the proppant, especially some larger particle size effects. Raw material particle size of 0.004 mm obtained proppant strength higher than the particle size of 0,01 mm of 80--90%, the particle the higher the density the greater the strength;
(7) the firing control Proppants for hydraulic fracturing an important part of the final performance, in order to prevent burning and burnt due to the occurrence, the firing temperature must be strictly controlled. In this study, the ratio of the material, the optimum firing temperature of 1360 ± 5 ℃, so that one can guarantee the quality of products, on the other hand can greatly improve the pass rate.