Different at ceramic proppant stages of the design process requirements and fracturing

Depending on the different stages of the natural gas fracturing requirements and the fracturing process , the fracturing fluid may be used in a construction of a liquid containing various additives . For the vast majority of the total amount of liquid fluid and sand carrying fluid front , should have a certain force and to create cracks in the wall joints and cracks after fracturing sand filling has sufficient conductivity . So they must have the following properties:

① filtration small . This is made long slit , slit width important performance . Hydraulic Fracturing Proppants filtration , primarily depends on its viscosity, formation fluid properties with walls made of fracturing fluids , high viscosity fluid loss is small . Add in the fracturing fluid fluid loss agent can greatly improve build walls to reduce fluid loss . When fracturing , requiring pre- liquid , liquid integrated carrying sand filtration coefficient ≤ 1 × 10-3m/min1/2.

② suspended sand ability. The ability of suspended sand fracturing fluid mainly depends on its viscosity. As long as the fracturing fluid has a higher viscosity, in which the sand can be suspended , in which the distribution of sand seam is very advantageous. However, the viscosity is not too high , if the viscosity of the fracturing fluid is too high, the height of large cracks , is not conducive to produce a wide and long cracks. The viscosity of the fracturing fluid is generally considered as 50 ~ 150mPa · s suitable. Table 3-1 visible liquid viscosity directly affects the size of sand settling velocity .
③ low friction . The fracturing fluid in the pipe friction increases, the slit made for the smaller horsepower available water . Friction is too high , it will greatly improve the wellhead pressure , reduce construction emissions , construction and even cause failure .
④ good stability . Fracturing fluid thermal stability , including stability and shear stability. That fracturing fluid at elevated temperatures , mechanical shear viscosity does not occur significantly reduced, which plays a key role in the success of the construction .