Petroleum proppant ( ceramic sand )

Grains of sand proppant has a Hydraulic Fracturing Proppants temperature , high pressure , corrosion resistance, high strength, high conductivity , low density, low breakage rate and other characteristics, mainly for deep low-permeability reservoirs , currently the most widely used at home and abroad . By species classification can be divided into: high sand proppant ---- no pressure consolidation strength , consolidation fast, good permeability, low density ; fracturing proppant ---- Anti spit back a high pressure consolidation strength , crushing low permeability, low density ; coated proppant ---- remarkable resilience and long-term use at proppant sand manufacturers temperatures below 232 ℃ formation ; quartz sand proppant ---- acid low solubility for fracturing and acidizing support , a higher sphericity and conductivity . Divided by the anti- crushing strength : 52Mpa (7500psi), 69Mpa (10000psi), 86Mpa (12500psi) three series. Divided by the volume density : low density, medium density, high density

Divided according to specifications :12- 20 mesh ,16- 20 mesh ,16- 30 mesh ,20- 40 mesh ,30- 50 mesh ,40- 60 mesh ,40- 70 mesh ,70- 100 mesh , etc. , in order to meet domestic to meet the needs of domestic and international oil and gas wells , ITC company is vigorously developed, developing other different intensity and different specifications for customers to choose.

Different at ceramic proppant stages of the design process requirements and fracturing

Depending on the different stages of the natural gas fracturing requirements and the fracturing process , the fracturing fluid may be used in a construction of a liquid containing various additives . For the vast majority of the total amount of liquid fluid and sand carrying fluid front , should have a certain force and to create cracks in the wall joints and cracks after fracturing sand filling has sufficient conductivity . So they must have the following properties:

① filtration small . This is made long slit , slit width important performance . Hydraulic Fracturing Proppants filtration , primarily depends on its viscosity, formation fluid properties with walls made of fracturing fluids , high viscosity fluid loss is small . Add in the fracturing fluid fluid loss agent can greatly improve build walls to reduce fluid loss . When fracturing , requiring pre- liquid , liquid integrated carrying sand filtration coefficient ≤ 1 × 10-3m/min1/2.

② suspended sand ability. The ability of suspended sand fracturing fluid mainly depends on its viscosity. As long as the fracturing fluid has a higher viscosity, in which the sand can be suspended , in which the distribution of sand seam is very advantageous. However, the viscosity is not too high , if the viscosity of the fracturing fluid is too high, the height of large cracks , is not conducive to produce a wide and long cracks. The viscosity of the fracturing fluid is generally considered as 50 ~ 150mPa · s suitable. Table 3-1 visible liquid viscosity directly affects the size of sand settling velocity .
③ low friction . The fracturing fluid in the pipe friction increases, the slit made for the smaller horsepower available water . Friction is too high , it will greatly improve the wellhead pressure , reduce construction emissions , construction and even cause failure .
④ good stability . Fracturing fluid thermal stability , including stability and shear stability. That fracturing fluid at elevated temperatures , mechanical shear viscosity does not occur significantly reduced, which plays a key role in the success of the construction .

The choice of meaning of oil fracturing proppant

Hydraulic Fracturing Proppants accounted for the entire cost of 1/3~1/2, not only often represents amost cost of oil and gas well early, but especially decides the economic life of oil and gas wells or oil.

  Fracturing charges too large may be unnecessary waste of the whole capital, whereas the fracturing operation is too small, will be due to lack of reservoir produced fluid, resulting in a well withoutbenefit.

  In the fracturing operation, the fluid in the reservoir gradually discharged, leaving only is proppant propped fractures, to keep the channel open. Provide a high flow capacity of channel, to increase oil and gas flow can flow into the wellbore, keep the reservoir long-term flow capacity.

  Therefore in hydraulic fracturing optimization design, type and size of produced layer supporting agent have significant meaning and key role.