Hydraulic fracturing

When using ground hydraulic ceramic proppants technology is high-pressure pump , the viscous liquid absorption capacity greatly exceeds the underlying displacement injection wells, in the bottom suffocating pressure, when the pressure is greater than the near wellbore formation rock to stress and intensity of anti- inflation in the bottom near the bottom of cracks. To inject the liquid with sand carrying proppant fracture extends forwardly and filled with proppant in the fracture closure shut the proppant , thereby forming a certain geometry and conductivity in the vicinity of the bottom of the bottom sand filling cracks , resin coated sand proppant making wells to increase production , by injection purposes . Hydraulic fracture stimulation , by injection principle is near the bottom of the bottom of the formation and fluid penetration resistance of the fluid flow state , is the original radial flow throttling losses , greatly reducing the energy consumption, thus oil and gas wells production or injection wells will be greatly improved injection rate .

Viscoelastic surfactant fracturing fluid

To reduce the fracturing process proppant sand manufacturers  eservoir and propped fracture injury , developed a viscoelastic surfactant fracturing fluids and using a capillary rheometer test equipment, the performance of fracturing fluid were Research . Laboratory evaluation results show that the ceramic proppants under conditions of 100 ℃ and 170s-1 , and after 1h shear viscosity in 130mPa · s or more ; 120 ℃ under the conditions of 170s-1 and , after 1h shear viscosity of 50mPa · s or more ; with the extension of the shearing time , a small change in viscosity of the fracturing fluid ; with decreasing temperature , the viscosity of the fracturing fluid has good recovery . The test results show that the high viscosity fracturing fluid and low cost , formation damage fracturing fluid lower than about 50 %. Field test confirmed that friction viscoelastic surfactant fracturing fluid equivalent to 25 % to 30% water friction , and friction is lower than the fracturing fluid 1MPa/1000m, 2口fracture stimulation of oil wells 5600t. Use the fracturing liquid fracturing , can effectively reduce the fracturing fluid to the reservoir and propped fracture damage, while improving the well stimulation effect . 

Structure performance of the proppant

Structure performance of the natural gas fracking  Proppant for a certain particle size and size distribution of natural sand probable high strength ceramic particles. Ceramsite branch 

Support agent with aluminum bauxite as raw material, through the powder granulating, sintering, with high temperature resistant, resistant to high Pressure, corrosion resistance, high strength, high conductivity, low density, breakage etc, to use The most widely. In the sand and ceramsite surface coating resin, to further improve the proppant sand manufacturers  Degree and diversion performance.

The ends off the sand fracturing technology

With the exploitation of oil and gas fields crossover technology development and integrated use of a variety of process technology, the scope of application of fracturing proppant technology is no longer confined to low-permeability formations, high-permeability formations have begun to use this technology to improve development results. When oil well fracking  technology used in high-permeability formations, hoping to form a short, wide cracks and crack control as much as possible within the scope of the oil and gas layers. In order to meet the requirements of this particular foreign mid-80s in the 20th century developed the ends off the sand natural gas fracking  technology, and soon applied to the site, currently also carried out research in this area, and has made great progress .

After the extraction of oil

proppant sand manufacturers and fracturing proppant wells over time, high-low permeability deposit after closing pressure fracturing treatment, the rock cracked petroleum, oil and gas from the cracks in the channel formed by the pooled out. Ceramic proppant material along with high-pressure solution is filled into the formation of cracks in the rock, the play not because of stress release propped fracture and closed, thereby maintaining high conductivity, so that the oil and gas flow, increase production. Ceramic proppant is widely used in the exploitation of oil and gas, to increase oil and gas production, and does not support the ground subsidence

Petroleum proppant ( ceramic sand )

Grains of sand proppant has a Hydraulic Fracturing Proppants temperature , high pressure , corrosion resistance, high strength, high conductivity , low density, low breakage rate and other characteristics, mainly for deep low-permeability reservoirs , currently the most widely used at home and abroad . By species classification can be divided into: high sand proppant ---- no pressure consolidation strength , consolidation fast, good permeability, low density ; fracturing proppant ---- Anti spit back a high pressure consolidation strength , crushing low permeability, low density ; coated proppant ---- remarkable resilience and long-term use at proppant sand manufacturers temperatures below 232 ℃ formation ; quartz sand proppant ---- acid low solubility for fracturing and acidizing support , a higher sphericity and conductivity . Divided by the anti- crushing strength : 52Mpa (7500psi), 69Mpa (10000psi), 86Mpa (12500psi) three series. Divided by the volume density : low density, medium density, high density

Divided according to specifications :12- 20 mesh ,16- 20 mesh ,16- 30 mesh ,20- 40 mesh ,30- 50 mesh ,40- 60 mesh ,40- 70 mesh ,70- 100 mesh , etc. , in order to meet domestic to meet the needs of domestic and international oil and gas wells , ITC company is vigorously developed, developing other different intensity and different specifications for customers to choose.

Different at ceramic proppant stages of the design process requirements and fracturing

Depending on the different stages of the natural gas fracturing requirements and the fracturing process , the fracturing fluid may be used in a construction of a liquid containing various additives . For the vast majority of the total amount of liquid fluid and sand carrying fluid front , should have a certain force and to create cracks in the wall joints and cracks after fracturing sand filling has sufficient conductivity . So they must have the following properties:

① filtration small . This is made long slit , slit width important performance . Hydraulic Fracturing Proppants filtration , primarily depends on its viscosity, formation fluid properties with walls made of fracturing fluids , high viscosity fluid loss is small . Add in the fracturing fluid fluid loss agent can greatly improve build walls to reduce fluid loss . When fracturing , requiring pre- liquid , liquid integrated carrying sand filtration coefficient ≤ 1 × 10-3m/min1/2.

② suspended sand ability. The ability of suspended sand fracturing fluid mainly depends on its viscosity. As long as the fracturing fluid has a higher viscosity, in which the sand can be suspended , in which the distribution of sand seam is very advantageous. However, the viscosity is not too high , if the viscosity of the fracturing fluid is too high, the height of large cracks , is not conducive to produce a wide and long cracks. The viscosity of the fracturing fluid is generally considered as 50 ~ 150mPa · s suitable. Table 3-1 visible liquid viscosity directly affects the size of sand settling velocity .
③ low friction . The fracturing fluid in the pipe friction increases, the slit made for the smaller horsepower available water . Friction is too high , it will greatly improve the wellhead pressure , reduce construction emissions , construction and even cause failure .
④ good stability . Fracturing fluid thermal stability , including stability and shear stability. That fracturing fluid at elevated temperatures , mechanical shear viscosity does not occur significantly reduced, which plays a key role in the success of the construction .