A brief history of hydraulic fracturing

Since Stanolind Oil Company in 1949 invented the hydraulic fracturing technology worldwide since fracturing operations close to 2.5 million times. Some people think that the wells were drilled in the present, 60% of the wells have been fractured. Fracture stimulation can not only increase production, but also to increase reserves, the U.S. alone, from 1949 to now due to the increase in reserves of  Hydraulic fracturing  believed to be 90 million barrels (oil) plus 700 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, These reserves are under way in other development without economic benefits. Moreover, by accelerating production, reserves, net present value increases. Fracturing operations dating back to the 1860s, when the use of liquid (later use solid-state) of nitroglycerin to fracturing Pennsylvania, New York, Kentucky and West Virginia shallow hard rock. This method is extremely dangerous, and often also illegal, but nitroglycerin in the "through" Well it has made great success. "Penetrate" the purpose of the well was broken oil layer, increase the initial yield and ultimate recovery. The principle was soon applied to fracturing wells and gas wells, and equally effective.
1930s, people began to try to inject non-explosive ground down to the acid stimulation wells. Preferably in the acidification, the etching action may produce cracks in the fully closed, it has been observed that the "stress split" phenomenon. This has generated a new production well fluid channels, thus increasing well productivity. This phenomenon is not observed in the acid treatment, but also in the water and cement squeeze operations can be observed. But until Stanolind Oil and Gas Corporation (Amoco)'s Floyd Farris fishes it in-depth study, and the establishment of acidification, water, and squeeze cementing wells during dynamic and allow the formation fracture pressure relationships. Farris from this work, resulting in the use of  hydraulic fracturing  in oil and gas well stimulation ideas. The first use of hydraulic fracturing stimulation experiments began in 1947, when, Stanolind Oil Company first 1,000 gallons of naphthenic acid and palm oil injected into the Grant County, Kansas Hugoton gas field wells breath, and then re-injected into broken glue, to yield 2400 feet deep limestone natural gas producing formation. Although the well production is not significantly improved, but this is the beginning of a hydraulic fracturing. Stanolind Oil Company JB Clark in 1948 published a paper presented to the industry-wide hydraulic fracturing process. Stanolind Oil Company in 1949 issued a patent, the patent is granted to Halliburton Oil Well Cementing Company (Howco). Halliburton Oil Well Cementing Company followed by a two commercial fracturing operations, this is the first time in the industry. One of fracturing operations in the Austrian state of Stephens County, Tullahoma, costs $ 900; another job on March 17, 1949 in Archer County, Texas, for the crude oil or a mixture of oil and gasoline and the concentration of 100 to 150 lbm  frac sand  injection well, spending $ 1,000. In both the first year after fracturing of 332 wells were fracturing operations, the average yield of wells increased by 75%. Subsequently, fracturing operations in the United States increased rapidly, making the U.S. crude oil supply greatly exceeds expectations. Supremacy of the mid-1950s, the monthly number of wells fracturing operations conducted over 3000. In 2008 the number of times the global stage fracturing over 50,000 times the cost of a single fracture in 10000-6000000 U.S. dollars between. Now, a single well for 8-40 times fracturing stage is common.