Petroleum proppant (ceramic sand) system uses surface features

Petroleum proppant (ceramic sand) fracturing fluid system additives and surface features have the following purposes:
(L) fracturing fluid additives and fracturing fluid system development.
(2) obtained in the fracturing design requires the use of the simulator input parameters.
(3) in the pre-construction and construction stage fracturing ask qualitative vignette control.
In the oil  Fracturing proppant  (ceramic sand) additives and fracturing fluid system development process towel, fracturing fluid properties of surface features typically used to identify a new complex with respect to whether the existing system performance has improved, or whether it can offer a cheaper price for the same performance.
To surface features typical fracturing fluid performance parameters such as rheology, pipeline friction, fluid loss rate, fracture conductivity and formation damage, etc., can be used as fracturing design and production simulation.

To ensure the quality in use, in use, the properties of the surface characteristics of the fracturing fluid, typically including use of the ideal case, that the proppant ( ceramic proppant ) system to be used. Davidmn et al in 1994 and Ely in 1985 provides an example of these experiments. In chapter describes several by the American Petroleum Institute (APl) fracturing fluid system developed by the laboratory method performance surface characteristics. Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) monographs, the latest developments in hydraulic fracturing (Gidley et al, 1989) are also an excellent approach to the laboratory review.

This chapter also discusses the fracturing fluid additives and systems development and fracturing design and fracturing simulation obtained the required input parameters used in fracturing fluid properties of the surface characteristics of approach, target mainly concentrated in the most commonly used liquid, guar gum or guar gum as a thickener polymer modified water-based fracturing fluid system. Typically, the water-based fracturing fluid used methods can be applied to other improvements made the appropriate liquid, such as oil-based crosslinked liquid, emulsion and foam liquid.

In any case, the fracturing fluid system previously used in the field, you must first determine the description of fracturing fluid flow variability, liquid filtration, piping friction, fracture conductivity and possible formation damage and a series of parameters.

To determine the fracturing fluid system performance in a large number of experimental work carried out before the first experimental work required to get ready samples of various materials, including water, hydrocarbons and acids, it may be necessary to use a variety of materials mixed in a stirred together. All materials must be confirmed by the manufacturer, as well as to trace origin of  Proppant  in particular should pay special attention, because it is difficult to obtain a representative sample of each batch (on hydraulic fracturing sand used in the test sample tests recommended Method [RP 56], 1983). This difficulty is caused by transportation or during handling due to the different sizes of the sand will produce separation.

Moreover, in order to get samples of typical materials, before the test and during the test, the need for test equipment calibration and maintenance, in order to compare the various fracturing fluid system and avoid frequent repeated testing, in strict accordance with the test method is specified crucial. Contains a material sample and calibration data for a complete record of the comparison between the product or system is very important because the experimental data useful life of up to several years.

Proppant (ceramic sand), during use, through the force it is very complex, the need to adapt to a wide range of physical. Therefore, the performance characteristics of the surface process is usually divided into a series of small-scale experiments can simulate a broad and complex key part of the physical environment. Fracturing fluid properties of the surface characteristics of a wide range, from the molecular level to large-scale test equipment, it may be close to the actual liquid mixing, wellbore and fracture size.

Performance characteristics of the surface details of the method process may vary, depending on the composition of the liquid, for example: oil-based fluids, emulsions is compressible, or bubble size - Change foam fracturing fluid, which requires determined using the pressure range.