Proppant selection techniques

Proppant There are many types, proppant selection has a significant impact on yield. The main contents of the  Proppant  selection including type, size and concentration. Proppant selection and rock formations of the pressure, environmental conditions and production requirements are closely linked.

Select proppant should first consider the nature and proppant specific geological and engineering conditions of fracture conductivity, combined with the specific geological conditions (such as the closure pressure, rock hardness, temperature, target layer properties) used to meet the engineering conditions (fracturing fluid nature of the pumping equipment), and can get a good yield proppant. Second, you must also consider the economic benefits, because proppant type, quality and origin and other conditions differences, there are differences in proppant costs must be considered cost-effective, combining economics to analyze the preferred  fracturing proppant .

Basically by the closure pressure control, when the closure pressure is low, the choice of quartz sand as proppant; when the closure pressure higher intensity is generally used in high-strength ceramic proppant or  ceramic proppant   According to the requirements of fracture conductivity and economic use fracturing proppant. Usually more than 3000m deep in our selection of ceramic, ceramic in the deep fracturing chase. Formation permeability, fracture geometry selected for proppant particle size has an impact, we must consider the following aspects:
Closing pressure in the closing pressure is not too high, large particles can provide higher flow capacity, and closed at high pressure, the various sizes of the same conductivity proppant, the proppant or small particles provide a higher conductivity .

Proppant-filled crack width to meet the proppant in the fracture free transport needs.