Artificial development and role of proppant

In the late 1970s, the United States developed sintered bauxite (ceramic) and smelting zirconia support agent. High-strength synthetic Proppant  invention of synthetic proppant in hydraulic fracturing technology development to achieve a decisive breakthrough, this synthetic material with a low intensity sand significantly different, resistant up to 69 ~ 103MPa (10000 ~ 15000psi) the closing pressure. Therefore, the development of modern fracturing fluid with high-performance, high-pressure deep wells for the fracturing has opened up new avenues. In 1976, the first in the United States court applied the sand. And because the artificial  Fracturing proppant  amazing effect to promote the rapid development of deep well fracturing. As sintered bauxite proppant and fused zirconia particle size distribution with a round ball high, acid-resistant and strong, high compressive strength up to 139MPa (20000psi) closed under pressure is still the best guide streaming capability.
In the late 1970s and early 1980s there are two kinds of artificial  ceramic proppant  introduced to the market, synthetic proppant is mullite and mullite and corundum mixture, but also medium-density and high-density material that can be respectively withstand up to 55MPa (8000psi) and 69 MPa (10000psi) the closing pressure. Both moderate-intensity artificial proppant from the density, conductivity, resistance to closure pressure and price, fill the low-intensity and high intensity natural quartz sand fused zirconia sintered bauxite, and the gap between. Both synthetic proppant has a relatively low density in the construction of suspension and transmission performance, by the sand-carrying fluid filling the crack does not occur when precipitation. Thus expanding the economic and technical fields of application.
Country in this regard is the development from the 1979's began, development and production of high-strength synthetic blowing bauxite proppant, 1987 Jiangsu Eastern successfully developed a low-density proppant. After successively developed a medium-density, high-density  Proppant  different properties, is widely used in the production of oil and gas.