Firm effects caused by fracturing operations

For the release of oil, gas, coal bed methane, or other  Unconventional gas   energy companies known to induce through hydraulic fracturing (referred to fracturing or hydraulic fracturing) technology to accelerate the process. Such fracturing commonly known as " Hydraulic fracturing ", through borehole drilling reservoir rock formation of cracks. For high-permeability oil reserves and production of small-scale hydraulic fracturing wells typically consume every 20,000 to 80,000 gallons of liquid, unlike for the completion of tight gas and  shale gas  wells massive hydraulic fracturing; massive  hydraulic fracturing  per wells are available almost 2-3000000 gallons of liquid. The latter figure attracted international attention, some countries use the technology or even completely suspended ban. Despite the current fracturing technology was first used in the late 1990 Barnett Shale in Texas, the first time used in 1947 fracturing operations.
Due to high pressure fracturing fluid injected into the rock energy generated by fossil fuel extraction enhanced speed and ultimate recovery. According to different wells have different design requirements can be broadly divided into the following steps:
Test pressure (pressure test): wellhead equipment, ground facilities for the testing process pressure capability.
Join Preflush (pad fluid water activity): The aim is broken strata, causing cracks in certain geometries, to prepare for the entry of sand-carrying fluid can also clean the wellbore surrounding impurities.
Proppant solution: its role is to be ground into the fracture proppant and brought to a predetermined position of the fracture, as well as extension of crack formation in the cooling effect.
Replacement fluid: The aim is to promote the sand carrying liquid, be sent to a predetermined position.
Shut: According to different designs of wells, typically 4-12 hours.
Back row: flowback fluid is carrying sand (plant-based plastic material) is discharged back to the wellbore in order to protect the formation. In this step will need breaker.
By this fracturing operations bring huge economic benefits to the enterprise, especially oil and gas service-related companies, according to a senior sources: the company has changed from the original simple way into oil fracturing construction.