Proppant particle hardness and wear on equipment

Proppant particle hardness and wear on equipment
Different density  Proppant  arising because of different mechanical properties of different hardness, and thus produce abrasive, high-density proppant fracturing process in severe abrasion pumps and pipeline equipment. In large water fracturing under high pressure pump with a high concentration of high injection speeds proppant. In a long time, a lot of proppant pumped into the pipeline construction will cause, within the column and at the wellhead and the wellhead parts serious erosion problems. According to the type of proppant, sintered bauxite damaging. The production of sintered bauxite proppant flowback serious stab at bad valves and wellhead christmas tree. High density aluminum silicate and oxide proppant This phenomenon also appears. Therefore, in the water fracturing wells should be based on well depth, closure pressure, rock properties, etc., a reasonable choice to use  Proppant .
The advantages and disadvantages of artificial proppant
① Benefits
a) the relative density artificial proppant, is closed at the same pressure, compared with the quartz sand has a crushing rate, a high conductivity performance. Especially at high closing pressures can provide some diversion ability to complete fracturing stimulation tasks.
b) synthetic proppant with salt, heat resistance at 150 ~ 200 ℃ with 10% brine compressive strength after aging 240h unchanged [Note]; solution at 280 ℃ PH value of 11 and under the conditions of Chen of 72h, the ceramic weight loss was 3.5%, while about 50% of quartz sand is dissolved,
c) With the closure pressure increase or extension of time by pressing, ceramic crushing rate much lower than the quartz sand, diversion capacity decline rate should be much slower. Therefore, any depth, any reservoir, the use of Ceramic proppant  fracturing water conservancy will receive a higher initial yield, stable yield and longer valid.
② shortcomings
a) synthetic proppant relative particle density is high, such as: quartz sand is 2.60 g/cm3 ~ 2.70 g/cm3, while the ceramic sand was 2.80 g/cm3 ~ 3.60 g/cm3. Therefore, the fracturing fluid properties (such as viscosity, rheological, etc.) and pumping conditions (such as displacement, power equipment, etc.) are put forward higher requirements.
b)  ceramic proppant  particles relative density and compressive strength are dependent on material in the aluminum oxide content. With the aluminum oxide content increased, the density of ceramic increased compressive strength also increases, so the two should get a balance. On the other hand, the aluminum content of the material under the same conditions, processing (powder fineness, strength semi-sintering temperature) is the key to the quality control of the ceramic. Therefore, the ceramic material selection and manufacturing process than other proppants are demanding much more complex.
C) artificial ceramic proppant relative wear, high prices.