2013年8月6日星期二

Sound policy measures and improve infrastructure

U.S.  shale gas  development on the continuous introduction of preferential policies to support, but also to the rapid development of shale gas development an important factor. From the 1970s, the U.S. government has implemented a series of encouraging the development of alternative energy tax incentives or subsidies. 1978 of the "Energy Tax Act" and 1980's "Crude oil windfall tax" introduced the production of alternative energy "tax allowance" terms from 1979 to 1993 for unconventional oil and gas drilling, including the 2003 production and sales prior to shale gas and tight gas implementation of tax relief, the implementation of five kinds of oil and gas industry tax breaks ...... these incentives policy implementation, greatly reducing development costs, attracting many small companies involved,Ceramic proppant which greatly encouraged the development of SMEs drilling investment, strong support and promote shale gas exploration.

The U.S. government attaches great importance to the development of shale gas exploration and regulatory issues. Where shale gas exploration and development and related management departments, both in its performance of duties assigned regulatory functions, effective industry regulation is the U.S. shale gas development is one important factor for success. U.S. federal government and various state governments in environmental protection issued a series of measures to allow the Environmental Protection Agency based on "Safe Drinking Water Act," oversight of shale gas exploitation activities. If enacted "FRAC" Act requires hydraulic fracturing chemicals used in case of disclosure, in order to fully assess its impact on groundwater. These measures cover the whole process of the development of shale gas from shale gas drilling exploration to production, wastewater treatment, and then abandoned wells and storage, etc., in the U.S. shale gas development process effectively protect the ecological environment.fracturing proppant Sound market regulation on shale gas exploration and development has played a role in safeguarding.

U.S. natural gas pipeline network, and city gas network is very well developed, natural gas pipeline network extending more than 50 million kilometers, greatly reducing the exploitation of shale gas in the part of the initial investment, reducing market risk. Beginning in 1993, the U.S. natural gas production and transportation to take two services vertical management model, developers and carriers will be separated into two separate operating entity, and to monitor the implementation of different policies, transport operators must be implemented without natural gas suppliers discriminatory access. Pipeline transportation prices were regulated, and fully liberalized natural gas prices, the strong support the commercialization of shale gas development. Sound infrastructure for the development of shale gas plays a supporting role.

In short, the rapid development of U.S. shale gas relies on an open market mechanism, relies on technical innovation brought about by competition. Policy support and government departments to effectively monitor, sound infrastructure, specialized technical services played an important supporting role. The combined effect of these factors has brought the U.S. shale gas revolution's success.

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