2013年8月23日星期五

A lot different from the U.S. system


First of land ownership is not the same with the United States,  shale gas  division of ownership of mineral development are not the same. Public ownership of land, land rights and mineral rights did not achieve separation, the developer is not particularly conducive to numerous non-state-owned enterprises to obtain shale gas resources.

Second, China's natural gas production, transportation, sales have not implemented the vertical separation of management, but there is a strong pipeline transportation of natural gas monopoly, its regulatory framework is also not the same as with the United States.Unconventional gas Since 1993, the United States began to take natural gas production and transportation vertical management model two businesses, developers and carriers will be separated into two separate operating entity, and supervise the implementation of different policies. Intrastate pipeline by state and local legal restrictions, interstate pipelines are subject to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, state, and local laws also apply. Natural gas pipeline operators suppliers to implement non-discriminatory access. Government regulatory pipeline fees, while liberalization of natural gas prices, natural gas producers and users to ensure the pipeline have non-discriminatory access conditions.

Third, exploration and development of shale gas resources environmental pressures facing large than the United States. U.S. sparsely populated, while China Sichuan, Guizhou, Chongqing and other places more densely populated, large elevation topography, geological disasters, the negative effects of shale gas development significantly. Fracturing well field area is larger, if the future development wells bit more intensive, human disturbance easily induced landslides. And China is a water-scarce countries, shale gas development will not only waste a lot of water, to seize the agricultural water, and even diverted municipal water, but also bring pollution of water resources.

Fourth, the success of shale gas development in the United States and the United States has the world's most open and competitive oil market is closely related to the highest degree,frac sand companies the United States 85% of the oil produced by small and medium companies. In China, the current in the conventional oil and gas resources in the field of exploration and mining rights by PetroChina, Sinopec, CNOOC and other four major state-owned enterprises and the extension of administrative monopoly, SMEs in the upstream oil and gas field development in an extremely vulnerable position. The monopoly of the institutional and investment subject single, the exclusion of other investors to enter, restricted resources development in the market.

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